advantages to the dominant group. In the United States lower class whites have been more racist than the high-class whites. Whites in the lower class, however, are at risk to
unemployment because minorities compete with them for scare resources. The fifth way prejudice is developed is displaced aggression. In this section
frustration become the trigger of prejudice. Frustration leads people to attack the source of frustration. But when the source is bigger and capable of retailing, of when the cause
of the frustration is ambiguous, people often displaced aggression on an alternative, no threatening target. The innocent victim of displaced aggression is known as scapegoat.
For example, during the great depression of the 1930’s, Hitler used Jews as scapegoats that Germans could blame for their economic troubles.
2.3. Theoretical Framework
In doing this study, I combined some theories that I have reviewed previously in order to guide in doing my analysis. Those theories are theory of character, theory of
characterization, theory of conflicts and theory of prejudice. Since the focus of my thesis is analysing some characters in the novel, I will use
the theory of character and characterization. In doing character analysis I will adopt theory of character from Klarer’s, Abrams’, and Holdman’s. This theory will help me to
understand about the characters that I will analyse. And, to understand the characters deeply, I will use the theory of characterization from Murphy’s theory.
This thesis will also analyse the characters’ conflicts, so I used theory on psychology, which focuses on the theory of prejudice. The theory I will use is taken from
Huffman’s and Khalish’s. It is because they give complete description about how prejudice is developed in a society.
Those theories will guide me in finding the cause of Boo Radley’s and Tom Robinson’s conflicts. Furthermore, I am suspicious that the conflicts are caused by the
outer conflicts, which seems to be influenced by prejudice.
2.4. Criticism
In this section I will discuss two criticisms. Both are taken from Internet.
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CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
This chapter is divided into three main parts namely subject matter, approach, and procedures. In the subject matter, the writer discusses about the subject of the
study i.e. Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird. In the approach, the writer mentions the approaches for analyzing the novel. While in the procedure the writer
discusses the steps in analyzing the novel.
3.1 Subject Matter
The main subject of this study was the novel of Nelle Harper Lee To Kill A Mockingbird
. The genre of this novel was social drama, southern drama. The tense used in the novel is past tense. The setting of place and time of the novel was fictional
town of Maycomb, Alabama, Southern state of America in 1933-1935. The novel consists of 31 chapters and divided into two parts. In overall the book consists of 287
pages. J. B. Lippincott of Philadelphia published To Kill a Mockingbird for the first
time on July 11, 1960. In its first year publishing, this novel created one of the most extraordinary records in publishing history. The novel was sold more than two and a
half million copies in that first year and went through 14 printings. It was chosen by three American book clubs: Readers Digest Condensed Books, the Literary Guild and
Book-of-the-Month Club. It was also chosen by the British Book Society and was published in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Holland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden,
Finland and Czechoslovakia.
The novel was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in Letters on May 1, 1961. On the second anniversary of its publication, the novel had been on the bestseller lists for 100
weeks and had sold more than five million copies in 13 countries and it has been translated into ten languages. Two years after its publication, the novel was adapted
for the cinema, and winning Oscars Academy Awards for the script and for best actor in a leading role Gregory Peck, who played Atticus.
The setting, characters, and a famous trial that occurred during Lee’s childhood shape the story of To Kill a Mockingbird. Born in Monroeville, Alabama,
on April 28, 1926, Nelle Harper Lee is the youngest of three children of Amassa Coleman Lee and Francis Cunningham Finch Lee. Her father, a former newspaper
editor and proprietor, was a lawyer who also served on the state legislature 1926- 1938. In 1931, when Harper Lee was five, nine young black men were accused of
raping two white women near Scottsboro, Alabama. This is one of famous and controversial case ever happened in the American history. The defendants, who were
nearly hanged before being brought to court, ware not provided with the services of lawyer until the first day of trial. Within a month all of the white jury found the first
man was found guilty and sentenced to death even though there was no strong evident for the crime. This trial was ended in 1950, but the case was not settled until 1976
with the pardon of the last of the Scottsboro defendants. Harper Lee portrays Scottsboro trial as Tom Robinson’s trial in the novel. It
can be seen by the similarities of the time, place, case, the defendants, and the accusers. Both of the fictional and historical cases happened in Alabama in 1930’s.
Both of the defendants are black men, and both of the accusers are white women. In
