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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter consists of three parts, they are object of the study, approach of the study and method of the study. The object of the study covers the identity
and the description of the data, the data is taken from a work of literary. Then, approach of the study explains what approach that is used in analysing the literary
work. The last part is method of the study which states the procedure to analyse the work.
A. Object of the Study
The object of the study is a novel written by Paulo Coelho. He is a great writer from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He is the author of The Alchemist and The
Zahir , he also has other novels which become international bestseller. One of
them is By The river Piedra I Sat Down and Wept which is used as the object of this study. This novel is an English version of Na margem do rio Piedra eu sentei
e chorei , it is the original Portugese edition and it is translated into English
version by Alan R. This novel is published by Harper Collins Publisher in 1994 and it is the first edition. By The river Piedra I Sat Down and Wept sold 70,000
copies on the first day publication Morais, 2009:396. Paulo Coelho’s By The river Piedra I Sat Down and Wept consists of 180
pages. There are one main female character and one anonymous male character who plays important role in the novel. The story describes spiritual experience of
Pilar, a twenty nine years old woman, who meets up again with her lover after
eleven years they are seperated. Unexpectedly, she has to accept that her lover has grown into a missionaire and a devotee of Immaculate Conception.
Pilar’s spiritual experience begins when the man asks Pilar to accompany him in a
conference that he organized during a week. Every moment in their journey teaches Pilar about different side of God which is called a feminine side of God.
On the other hand, the reunion between Pilar and the man places the man in a dilemma, between serving people in his life time as a missionaire or living with
Pilar. On the bank of the river Piedra, Pilar memorizes her experiences in
meeting the man and writes them in a handwriting. She writes all her feelings. At the end, on the bank of the river Piedra a final decision is made by Pilar and her
lover, the truth which reflects their deepest feeling.
B. Approach of the Study
In this study the writer uses moral philosophical approach to reveal the feminine side of God. According to Guerin in A Handbook of Critical Approaches
to Literature , the moral philosophical criticism concerns on what is taught in the
literary work itself. It is a critic which educates the reader to think critically in moral teaching.
The important thing is the moral or philosophical teaching. On its highest plane this is not superficially didactic, though it may at first seem so. In the
larger sense, all great literature teaches. The critic who employs the moral- philosophical approach insists on ascertaining and stating what is taught. If
the work is in any degree significant or intelligible, this meaning will be there Guerin, 2011: 62.
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