1. Theory of Character and Characterization
Character plays an important role in the literary work particularly in drama and prose. It is used to help the reader in order to understand the main message in
the story. Since the character is the key to reveal the message, therefor the writer has to find and analyze the character.
According to Robert and Jacob 1989: 143 in Fiction An Introduction to Reading and Writing
state that “character is an extended verbal representation of a
human being, the inner self that determines thought, speech and behaviour. ” From
the quotation above, it means that the character‟s thought, speech and behaviour are the representation of human being.
Further, the writer uses the theory on characterization by Murphy. There are many ways to understand the characterization of character in a literary work.
According to Murphy 1972: 161-173 in his book Understanding Unseen: An Introduction to English Poetry and Novels for Overseas Students
states that there are a nine ways the author characterizes the characters.
a. Personal Description
The author describes character ‟s appearance and clothes. It consists of the
face, skin, eyes, and the castaway‟s extraordinary clothing. Those appearances show personal description of a character.
b. Characters as Seen by Another
The author gives the description of a character through the eyes and opinions of another
. Other character gives character‟s desription through her
choice of words and phrases, like unquiet eyes, dim smile, rare sound of her voice, unapproachable aspect, gazing at him stealthily.
c. Speech
The author describes the character through a person in the book who gives his or her opinion into the character. It can be seen when he or she speaks or make
conversation with other. His or her speech gives some clue to a character.
d. Past Life
To shape a character, the author gives a clue to the events, such as direct comment, thr person‟s thought or through his or her conversation.
e. Conversation of Others
The author describes a character by showing other person. The other persons do conversation with other people and they say things about a character.
Those conversation contributes a clue to describe a character that they spoken about.
f. Reactions
The author describes a character by giving the reaction of a character to many kinds of situations and events.
g. Direct Comment
The author gives a description or comment on a person‟s character
directly.
h. Thoughts
The author describes direct knowledge of what a person ‟s thought. He or
she has different idea from other people and he is able to do what people cannot do in a real life.
i. Mannerisms
A person‟s mannerisms, habits, or idiosyncrasies are described bt the author to give a clue to a character.
In other words, it is said that by knowing personal description; characters as seen by another; speech; past life; conversation of other; reactions; direct
comment; thoughts; and mannerisms, therefore the characterization of the character can be revealed easily. All elements have contribution to find the way in
describing the characterization of the character. Further, the writer applies some of nine
ways Murphy‟s theory in analyzing the characterization of characters because the writer indicates some
ways of Murphy‟s theory based on the evidence in the novel which shows the characterization of the characters in this study.
2. Theory of the Feminine Side of God
Theory on the feminine side of God is applied in analyzing the way of Pilar and her lover to understand the feminine side of God. The writer uses
Elizabeth Johnson‟s theory on Mary and the Image of God that through Mary‟s characterization, s
he becomes “the other face of God”. It means that Mary brings a new paradigm to picture that God has feature of caring, saving, and
compassionate character. Therefore, the feminine side of God here breaks
patriarchalization in Catholic tradition. The concept of God in character of a man shaped from the patriarchy culture which produces a paradigm that God is a man.
But then, the appearance of Mother Mary gives a different figure of God. The explanation above is stated based on Elizabeth Johnson as quoted in
Donelly‟s Mary, Woman of Nazareth Biblical and Theological Perspectivesss
below In that time and place, the God presented for belief had been shaped by a
long process of patriarchalization as a result of which the divine image became ever more remote and judgemental. Mary became the beloved
“other face” of God, the figure who bore the life-giving, compassionate, caring, saving, and closely intimate qualities so characteristic of the Abba
whom Jesus preached Johnson, 1989:43-44.
a. The Veneration of Virgin Mary
Catholic tradition has a firm conviction to venerate Mary as the mother of Jesus Christ. It is stated that the veneration of Mary as mother of Christ has
always been an important part of Catholic devotion; her praise has been sung in every age of the church; her example is offered as an example of the ideal
Catholics life Brantl, 1962: 74. Therefore, it is very important to devote Mary because during her life, she surrenders her whole life to God. Her surrender is the
example for the Catholics in developing their faith to God. Besides, Catholics have a way to devote Mother Mary, one of them is
celebrating The Immaculate Conception. It is done by Catholics as the sign and expression to venerate Mother Mary. Pope Pius IX describes the Immaculate
Conception as mentioned below.
The Immaculate Conception : Pope Pius IX We declare, pronounce, and define that the doctrine which holds that the
most blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instant of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by almighty God, in view of the
merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free
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