English Phonology Review of the Related Literature

15 pronunciation. The procedures of this analysis were: First, the student’s results of the recording were collected and compared with the actual pronunciation based on the dictionary of the English pronunciation. Second, the student’s pronunciation recordings were analyzed whether they was correct or not. Third, the researcher analyzed the error and the mistake in pronunciations produced. The goal of this final paper is to answer the two research questions which are, “What are the pronunciation errors made by the ELESP student from Papua?” and “ What efforts can be done to improve the pronunciation of the ELESP student from Papua?”. These are the analysis of Table 2.1, mispronunciations mostly occur in this part specifically on the nineteen consonants from twenty four consonants p, b, t, d, k, g, f, v, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ, θ, ð, m, n, ŋ, l, h, r, w, j. The mistake and the error occur in sections p, b, d, g, f, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ, θ, ð, n, ŋ, j. From the fifteen sections the researcher generates them into error and mistakes. The error occurs in the thirteen sections p, b, g, f, s, ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ, θ, ð, n, ŋ. While the mistake occurs in six sections, they are d, f, z, ʒ, θ, ŋ, j. 16 Table 2.1. The Subject’s Mispronunciation of Consonants’ Sounds Consonants No Words Pronunciation Number of Case Intended Actual p 1 Cupboard ˈkʌb.әd ˈkʌb.әrd 2 2 Pneumonia nu ːˈmoʊ.njә pnuːˈmoʊ.njә 2 b 1 Doubt da ʊt da ʊbt 2 d 1 Raised re ɪzd re ɪsed 1 2 Riddance ˈrɪd. ә nts ˈrɪnd. a nts 1 g 1 Gnaw n ɔː gn ɔː 2 f 1 Sphere sf ɪә r sp ɪә r 1 2 Cough k ɒf koug 2 3 Tougher t ʌfә r toug ә r 2 4 Nymph n ɪm pf n ɪm 2 s 1 Wrestler ˈres.lә r ˈrets.lә r 2 2 Adjacent әˈdʒeɪ. s ә nt әˈdʒeɪ. tʃ ә nt 2 z 1 Dizzy ˈdɪz.i d ɪz.zi 1 ʃ 1 Douche du ːʃ dau ːtʃ 2 2 Charade ʃәˈrɑːd t ʃˈrɑːd 2 ʒ 1 Measure ˈmeʒ.ә r ˈmes.ә r 2 2 Leisure ˈleʒ.ә r ˈles.ә r 2 3 Prestige pres ˈtiː d ʒ pres ˈtiː d 1 4 Seizure ˈsiː.ʒә r ˈsiː.sә r 1 d ʒ 1 Hinge h ɪndʒ h ɪŋ 2 θ 1 Thought θɔːt t ɔːt 2 2 Throw θrәʊ tr әʊ 1 ð 1 Though ð әʊ t әʊ 2 n 1 Hinge h ɪndʒ h ɪŋ 2 2 Ointment ˈɔɪnt.mәnt ˈɔɪt.mәnt 2 ŋ 1 Wriggling ˈrɪg.liŋ  ̩ ˈrɪg.li ̩ 2 2 Handkerchief ˈhæŋ.kә.tʃiːf ˈhænd.kә.tʃiːf 2 3 Juncture ˈdʒʌŋk.tʃә r ˈdʒʌk.tʃә r 2 4 Finger ˈfɪŋ.gә r ˈfɪŋ.dʒә r 2 j 1 Argue ˈɑːg.juː ˈɑːguː 1 17 Here is the detail analysis on each consonant’s sections as follows:

a. Mispronouncing of Consonant p with Silent Letter

In the word Cupboard “Cupboard”, in this word the subject was not understands how to pronounce the silent letter p. The error occurred when the subject pronounced the phoneme r as ˈkʌb.әrd, it should be pronounced as ˈkʌb.әd. The subject made the error by pronounced r in the first attempt; it means that the subject did not know that the r sound should not be pronounced. In the second attempt, the researcher and the subject pronounced the word together after listening to the interactive dictionary and the subject pronounced it well. When the researcher asked him to pronounce it alone in the third attempt, the subject repeated the error.

b. Mispronouncing of Consonant p with Silent Letter

In the word “Pneumonia”, the subject pronounced the phoneme p as pnu ːˈmoʊ.njә. It should be pronounced as nuːˈmoʊ.njә. The error occurred when the phoneme p in the word Pneumonia functioned as the silent letter, pronounced by the subject. It means that the subject did not know that the p sound should not be pronounced. In the second attempt we pronounced the word together after listening to the interactive dictionary and the subject pronounced it well. When the researcher asked him to pronounce it alone in the third attempt, the subject repeated the error.

c. Mispronouncing of Consonants b with Silent Letter

In the word “Doubt”, the error occurred when the subject pronounced the word as da ʊbt using consonant b. It should bepronunced as daʊt.