commit to user 31
a Predicting: effective listeners think about what they will hear. This fits
into the ideas about prelistening mentioned earlier. b
Inferring: it is useful for learners to “listen between the lines” c
Monitoring: good listeners notice what they do and don’t understand. d
Clarifying: efficient learners ask questions and give feedback to the speakers
e Responding: learners react to what they hear.
f Evaluating: they check on how well they have understood.
10. Narrative Text
This research is limited only on Listening to narrative text. So here the researcher will explain a little about narrative text.
a. The Nature of Narrative Text
According to Wikipedia narrative is a story that is created in a constructive format as a work of writing, speech, poetry, prose, picture, song,
motion pictures, video games, theatre or dance that describes a sequence of fictional or non-fictional events. The word derives from the Latin verb narrare,
“to recount”, and is related to the adjective gnarus, “knowing” or “skilled. Narrative text is a text which says the past activities or event which
concerns on the problematic experience and resolution in order to amuse and even give the moral messages to the reader. Narrative text can be divided from
its purpose, generic structure and language feature. The purpose in narrative writing is to amuse or entertain the reader and even give the morality value of
events.
commit to user 32
The generic structure of narrative text are orientation; stating the topic of an activity or event which will be told, sequence of events; presenting the
story about the past activities or events which has the chronological of conflicts and resolutions; resolution; stating the problem solving, and coda;
concluding in order to give the moral values. The language features uses of this text are chosen adjectives; to
describe personal attitude, sequence markers; to identify the chronological events, past tense; to indicate the past activity or event, verbs of doing; to
describe the activities, subjective pronoun, and conjunctions.
b. The Example of Narrative Text
Snow White Orientation
Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle because her parents were dead.
Major Complication One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in
the castle because they both wanted to go to America and they didn‟t have
enough money to take Snow White. Resolution
Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this so she decided it would be best if she ran away. The next morning she ran away from home
when her Aunt and Uncle were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods.
commit to user 33
Complication She was very tired and hungry.
Resolution Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went
inside and fell asleep. Complication
Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There they found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow White woke up.
She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said, what is your name? Snow White said, „My name is Snow White’.
Major Resolution Doc said
, „If you wish, you may live here with us”. Snow White said, „Oh could I?
Thank you’. Then Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story and Snow White and the 7 dwarfs lived happily ever after.
B. Teaching Media
1. The Nature of Media
“Media” is a Latin word that is the plural form of “medium” which means mediator or agent. Media is a mediator in sending or transferring a message
from the sender to the receiver. Gagne 1970 states that media is all of the components around the student which can stimulate to learn something. While
Brigss 1970 thinks that media is all the physical tools that are able to perform the message and also stimulate the students in learning activity.
