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2. Characteristics of Action Research
Burns 1999: 30 lists the characteristics of action research as follow: 1.
Action research is contextual, small-scale and localized. It identifies and investigates problems within a specific situation.
2. It is evaluating and reflective as it aims to bring change and improvement in
practice. 3.
It is participator as it provides for collaborative investigation by teams of colleagues, practitioners and researchers.
4. Changes in practice are based on the collection of information or data which
provides the impetus for changes.
3. Model of Action Research
The model of action research used in this research is the model developed by Kemmis and Mc Taggart in Burns 1999:32. According to the
model the implementation of the classroom action research includes foursteps in the following:
1. Identifying problems and planning the action.
2. Implementing the action
3. Observasing the action.
4. Reflecing the result of the observation.
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The cycle of research steps can be visually seen as follows:
4. Procedures of Action Research
In this classroom action research, each procedure takes some steps that form one cycle. The procedures of action research in this research are as follows:
1. Identifying the problem
The problems are identified first before planning the action. In this step, the researcher identifies the problems occurring in the class. The
problems refer to the factors causing the students difficult to improve their listening comprehension. To identify the problem, the researcher observes the
teaching learning process, interviews, gives the pre-test and open-ended questionnaires to the students.
2. Implementing the action research
This research is conducted in two cycles. Each cycle uses YouTube video as teaching media in listening activity.
Identify problem
Gather data
Interpret data
Act of Evidence
Evaluate Result
Next step
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According to Kemmis and Mc Taggart, action research occurs through a dynamic and complementary process, which consists of four
essentials „moments’: planning, action, observation and reflection Burns, 1999:32. These moments are the fundamental steps in a spiraling process
through which participants in an action research group undertake to: a.
Planning It includes the following activities:
1 Preparing material, making lesson plan, and designing the steps in
doing the action. 2
Preparing list of students’ name and scoring. 3
Preparing teaching aids YouTube video. 4
Preparing sheets of classroom observation to know the situation of teaching-learning process when the method or technique or mode is
applied. 5
Preparing a test. b.
Action The included activities were:
1 Giving pretest
2 Teaching in the classroom
3 Giving occasion to the students to ask any difficulties or problems
4 Asking the students some questions
5 Guiding students to do the task
6 Giving post test
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c. Observation
Observation is one of the instruments used in collecting data. The researcher observes the students’ activities while teaching-learning
process occurs. The results of the observation are recorded on observation sheets as useful data. The researcher is helped by the teacher
to observe students’ activities and give inputs and suggestions. d.
Reflection The results of the observation are analyzed to remember what
have happened and recorded. Meanwhile, the researcher evaluates the teaching learning process during the implementation phase. From this,
self reflection can be done. And from the tests, the students’ improvement can be known.
3. Doing Evaluation
The researcher made an evaluation on the observation result to find out the positive result and weaknesses during the action. To ensure whether
or not there is an improvement of the students’ listening comprehension, the researcher gave the students pre-test and post-test. Pre-test is held at the
beginning of the first cycle to measure students’ listening comprehension before implementing the action and post-test is held at the end of every cycle
to measure the improvement of students’ listening comprehension after the action. After giving the test, the researcher analyzed the result of the test by
scoring it.
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C. The Techniques of Collecting Data
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