2.2.4.1 The Classifications of Media
There are a lot of examples of media. According to Celce-Murcia 2001:462, there are two classifications of Media. Those are:
1 Nontechnical Media
This kind of media also called as the traditional media. The advantage of these nontechnical media is low cost. In addition, these kinds of media also can be
seen from the availability, accessibility, and their user-friendliness. The examples of these media are blackboard whiteboard, flashcards index cards
wall charts maps, board games, photos, cartoons, puppets, realia, etc.
2 Technical Media
Using these kinds of media can bring the outside world toward the learners. The technological development is in a line with these technical media. Nowadays,
the people are surrounded by many kinds of technology that can be used to enhance the teaching and learning process. These kinds of media include: record
player, recorder, filmstrip, video player, television, computer, slide projector,
etc. 2.2.4.2 The Advantages Using Media
Using media in language teaching have many advantages. Media can support the learning and teaching process. It is in a line with Celce-Murcia 2001:461 that
states media have many advantages as follows: 1
Media help teachers to motivate students by bringing the outside world into the classroom.
2 Media can be used to present the material completely and communicatively.
3 Media can also provide a lot of information, for example the information
about cross cultural which is impossible to bring into classroom, but it will be easy if using media in the classroom. They will get a lot of information
they want. 4
Media can involve students more integrally in the learning process and to facilitate language learning by making meaningful learning process.
Besides, the advantages of using media into the learning process based on Kemp and Dayton 1985:3 are:
1 The delivery of instruction can be more standardized.
2 The instruction can be more interesting.
3 Learning becomes more interactive through applying accepted
learning theory. 4
The length of time required for instruction can be reduced. 5
The quality of learning can be improved. 6
The instruction can be provided when and where desired or necessary.
7 The positive attitudes of students toward what they are learning
process itself can be enhanced. 8
The role of the instructor can be appreciably changed in positive directions.
In short, media can facilitate t he learning process and create the students‟
motivation and interest. By selecting the right medium in the classroom, it can enhance teaching and learning process and it has an effective way to help all the
students to understand the lesson easily. However, the teacher should consider selecting the appropriate media that will be applied in the classroom. It is in a
line with Celce-Murcia 2001:473 that there are some factors that should be considered when using media into language teaching. Those are:
1. Types of skillconcept to be presented.
2. Students‟ preference: the age, interests, experiences, and learning
styles of the students concerned. 3.
Teacher preference: facility with equipment, familiarityadroitness with the given medium, teaching style.
4. Availability of software and hardware.
5. Physical circumstances of the classroomlab.
The teaching and learning process will be more attractive if the teachers can select the appropriate medium to be applied in the classroom. In this study,
the writer chooses the crossword puzzle belongs to nontechnical media as the medium in teaching and learning English irregular past forms. Therefore, the
subchapter below will review the nature of crossword puzzle.
2.2.5 Crossword Puzzle
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