In other words, cooperative learning has many advantages in learning process. Students in the classroom study in a group, so they can share their ideas
in their group to achi eve the objective of the study and groups‟ success. Here,
each student can practice the social skills in a group. They will get ideas and even new information about the related material from their group members.
They learn to be responsible and give participation simultaneously. In cooperative learning, not only teachers as the source of learning process, but also
students who can share their ideas with their teammates more creatively. The students will be more confidence in sharing their ideas and thought. Moreover,
cooperative learning can enhance the students‟ motivation and reduce students‟ stress because of using a good and positive classroom climate.
2.2.7 Numbered Heads Together
Numbered heads together is one of techniques in cooperative learning method. According to Kagan 2009:6.20, it is called numbered heads together because
each student has a number, then all members in a group put their heads together to come up conveying their idea.
Kagan 1992 in Maheady 2006:27 pointed out that “Numbered Heads
Together NHT is another instructional strategy designed to actively engage more pupils during lessons and, thereby, improve their academic performance.”
The students work together in a group to get knowledge. The teacher works as a facilitator, resource, and an observer during the learning process. According to
Haynes and Debbie 2010:47, in numbered heads technique, students
brainstorm the correct answer of the teacher‟s question together. Each group
member has a number from one to four. Numbered heads together requires students to interact among the group
members to get the answer. In addition, Nuruddin 2013:4 pointed out that “it also requires the students in each group to be engaged in positive
interdependence, individual and group accountability, which motivates them to enhance one another‟s learning.”
From some definitions above, the writer concludes that numbered heads together is one of the techniques in cooperative learning method where students
work together in a group to get knowledge even to solve the problem. Each student in a group are labeled a number 1 till 4 or based on the needs. Students
put their heads together after the question is posed by the teacher. Each student in a group shares their ideas and make sure that all members know the answer.
Here are the steps of numbered heads together: 1
Each student in a group will be labeled 1, 2, 3, 4 or according to the needs. 2
When the teacher poses a question and says, “Numbered Heads Together”, all the members discuss the question and make sure that all members can
answer the question posed. 3
After the time period, the teacher restates the question and announces a number 1, 2, 3, or 4.
4 Students, who the number is announced, raise the number quickly.
5 The quickest student can answer the question.
6 The teacher calls a second number and the procedure continues.
As the conclusion, numbered heads together is one of the cooperative or collaborative learning which need a small group which is the member get the
different number, then they solve the given question together. Each student tutoring their group members till they have the same perception. All of the
students in a group have to know the answer because the teacher calls the number randomly. In this game, students need a cooperation and concentration.
Rewards are needed to motivate students in the learning process.
2.2.8 Teaching Irregular Past Forms Using Crossword Puzzle and
