A TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF AHMAD’S FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE AS PESANTREN STUDENT ON NOVEL “NEGERI 5 MENARA” AND TRANSLATED BY ANGIE KILBANE
1 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This first chapter introduces the background of the study, the research problems, the aims of the study, limitation of the study, and the definition of the key terms.
1.1The Background of the Study
Today, translation has become an important part of life. This process of transferring message and information from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL) has developed in many parts of the world. The main purpose of translating is to make the readers to understand the message of the source language.
Translation has important role for individual, group, or even a country to get much beneficial information from the other parts of world. In other words translation is one of tool to communicate in written from. The translation activity is clearly seen from the existence of the translated books of various fields, they are: education, technology, economics, and literary works (novel, poetry, and short story).
Translation is not just the transfer of texts from one language into another, it is a process of negotiating between texts and between cultures (Bassnett, 2005: 6).Meanwhile, Ni (2009:1) says that translation is the process of transfering the messages between two different language systems and cultures. Based on those
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explanations, it means that when a text is translated from the source language (SL) into target language (TL), the form of the text might be different but the meaning of the text must be same. So, in translating a text the translators have to transfer or deliver the message from the source language (SL) to target language (TL) as clear as possible.
In facilitating people or readers to attain a satisfying translation service, a translator holds a very essential factor. Furthermore, the translator must have good knowledge of both the source language (SL) and target language (TL). As Robinson (2003: 53) says that,the translators has to consider 3 things in translating a text, they are: context in which they are exposed to, how relevant it, and the sensory channels. The capability of translator will affect the quality of translation. To be a good translator should not only master both the source language (SL) and target language (TL) but also the social and culture background of the source language (SL) that must be translated into target language. So, the translator has to be aware of politic, linguistic, social, and cultural background of source language (SL) and target language (TL).
In addition, there are lots of texts that have been translated from Indonesian into English or vice versa for example science text, history text, literary text and so forth. One of kind of literary works is novel. The term novel is derived from novella, Italian for a compact, realistic, often ribald prose tale popular. The novel can, therefore, be considered a work of imagination that is grounded in reality. In modern literary usage, novel as a sustained work of prose fiction has more in length. It is distinguished from the short story and the fictional sketch, which are
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necessarily brief. Although novel has a place in the literatures of all nations. Novel is an extended work of written usually in story form; at least 150 to 200 pages long; it can cover a period of years, following the characters through a number of major changes (Spurgin, 2006:4).
One of the novels is Negeri 5 Menara. It was first published on July, 2009. An immediate success, it won Khatulistiwa Literary Award (2010), Favorite fiction writer and Book (2010), and National best award. This novel is inspired by Fuadi’s own story at Pondok Modern Gontor (Gontor Modern Pesantren). This novel consists of various figurative languages to make the story more real. Probably, the Indonesian readers can understand easily the figurative languages contained in the novel. However, how if this novel is translated into another language, like English language.
In 2011, Negeri 5 Menara is translated into English with titled The Land of Five Towers by Angie Kilbane. Translating literary work means changing, reducing or adding anything based on the original novel (SL), this opinion is actually true. It was proven by the amount of the translation work pages (TL) compared with the amount of the original work pages (SL). If the original novel consists of 420 pages and Kilbane translated it with 387 pages shorter, it means that there is reducing made to translate the original work Negeri 5 Menara. As a literary work, novel is used by the author to deliver his messages to the reader and to invite them to communicate with figurative language.
The figurative language is found in some literary works such as poem and novel. An author mostly uses figurative language in writing a novel. Frost defines
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figurative language as “a way of saying something other than the literal meaning of the words”. The goal of the author is to hold the attention of the reader. By using figurative language, the author tries to create an image in the readers mind.
The translator has to transfer or deliver the message from source language (SL) to target language (TL) as clear as possible. In this case, in translating figurative language becomes one of challenges that have to be faced by a translator because it has to be translated carefully in order to avoid misunderstanding.
The translator of novel “Negeri 5 Menara” was Kilbane. She is an American. The writer and the translator have in common is that they are both Fulbright alumni. Kilbane’s Fulbright brought her to East Java to teach. The local dialects and the use of Arabic at the pesantren proved tricky in translation. Gratefully, the local people (her students and friends) helped her so much in translating this novel into English.
Based on the explanations above, it is interesting to investigate one of the most famous novels entitled “Negeri 5 Menara” and translated by Angie Kilbane. That novel has chosen because the novel has potential issues to be investigated how the figurative language of pesanten student is translated and the procedures used by the translator in translating it based on Newmark’s theory.
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5 1.2The Statement of the Problems
To guide the research, the researcher formulates the research problems as follows:
1. What are Ahmad’s figurative languages as a pesantren student are found on novel “Negeri 5 Menara” and translated by Angie Kilbane?
2. What are the procedures used in translating Ahmad’s figurative language as a pesantren student in the novel “Negeri 5 Menara”into the English?
1.3The Aims of the Study The aims of the study are:
1. To discover Ahmad’s figurative language as a pesantren student in novel “Negeri 5 Menara” and translated byAngie Kilbane.
2. To reveal the procedures used by the translator in translating Ahmad’s figurative language as a pesantren student in the translation novel of “Negeri 5 Menara”.
1.4The Limitation of the Study
The translator must be more careful in translating figurative language. Besides deliver the meaning of source language (SL) to target language (TL), the translator also considers the other aspects, such as culture, social, and politic of source language. Furthermore, there are many sentences by different characters that contain figurative language in the novel. However, this research focuses in Ahmad’s figurative language as a pesantren student to be analyzed and in order to be more manageable.
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To make the discussion in this study more focuses on the problem, the research is limited to identifying, finding out and explaining how Ahmad’s figurative language as a pesantren student of is translated in the novels. The reason of the researcher conducts this study is that is expected to reveal kinds of procedures used by the translator in translating figurative language especially pesantren student’s figurative language.
1.5The significance of the Study
Hopefully, the result of this research can be useful both in theoretically and practically.
1. Theoretically
Theoretically, this research is expected to give describe about figurative language, explanation of each figurative language, key words to identify figurative language in novel, and know about figurative language especially pesantren student’s figurative language.
2. Practically
Practically, this research will give some knowledge about figurative language like:
a. It will add knowledge about figurative language analyzing innovel Negeri 5 Menara.
b. It will make people who like novel Negeri 5 Menara understand figurative language in this novel.
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7 1.6The Definition of the Key Terms
To avoid misinterpretation, it is necessary to define the key terms as foolows; 1. “Translation is transfering the messages between two different language
systems and cultures”. (Ni, 2009)
2. Translation procedures are the technicaldevices used to transfer the meaning of a text in one language into a text in another language, its are used for sentences and the smaller units of language(Newmark in Ordudari, 2007)
3. Novel is an extended work of written usually in story form; at least 150 to 200 pages long; it can cover a period of years, following the characters through a number of major changes (Spurgin, 2006:4)
4. Negeri 5 Menara is a novel by A. Fuadi which is inspired by his true story as a pesantren student in Madani Pesantren (MP)
5. Ahmad is one of the main character in “Negeri 5 Menara” novel. 6. Pesantren is an islamic boarding school.
7. “Figurative language is a way of saying something other than the literal meaning of the words (Frost, 2006)
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A
TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF AHMAD’S FIGURATIVE
LANGUAGE AS PESANTREN STUDENT ON NOVEL
“NEGERI 5 MENARA”
AND TRANSLATED
BY ANGIE KILBANE
By:
HADIJA RAHMONA MARASABESSY 201110100311262
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
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This thesis written by Hadija Rahmona Marasabessy was approved on November 12, 2015
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This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang
and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
on November 12, 2015
Approved by:
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang
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ORIGINALITY DECLARATION
The undersigned:
Name : Hadija Rahmona Marasabessy Student ID Number : 201110100311262
Program of Study : English Department
Faculty : Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
I declare that the work presented in this thesis was carried out by myself and does not incorporate without acknowledgement any material previously submitted for a degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge this thesis does not contain any material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in text.
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MOTTO AND DEDICATION
“Maka nikmat Tuhanmu yang manakah yang kamu dustakan?” ~Q.S. Ar-Rahman~
“Pena (takdir) telah diangkat dan lembaran-lembaran telah kering, apa yang luput darimu tidak akan menimpamu dan apa yang menimpamu tidak akan luput darimu. Ketahuilah bahwa kemenangan itu bersama kesabaran, kelapangan bersama kesempitan, dan bahwa
bersama kesulitan ada kemudahan” ~HR. At-Tirmidzi~
‘Bila kamu tak tahan lelahnya belajar, maka kamu akan menanggung perihnya kebodohan’ ~Imam Syafi’i~
Whatever we do, we need a process. Karena hidup adalah belajar ~A.N.T~
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DEDICATION:
I dedicated this thesis to: My beloved family,
My father (Abu Bakar Marasabessy) and mother (NurMarasabessy), My brothers (Ismail, Jihad, Fiqri, & Dayat) and my only sister (Indah),
Kaka’ Abdul Najib Tuanany
All my friends of IMM Raushan Fikr FKIP UMM especially Punokawan 2011, All my friends of English Dept. especially E class 2011,
My 1st Advisor, Dr. Sri Hartiningsih, M.M.,
My 2nd Advisor, Drs. Soeparto, M.Pd.,
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
Alhamdulillah and all praise be to Allah SWT, the most Merciful and Beneficent who gives guidance, mercies and blessing so the writer is able to finish this thesis. They are the most perfect words that the writer expresses for this successful thesis under the title “A Translation Analysis of Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student on Novel “Negeri 5 Menara” and Translated by Angie Kilbane”.
The writer would like to express her deepest gratitude towards Dr. Sri Hartiningsih, M.M. as her first advisor and Drs. Soeparto, M. Pd. as her second advisor for their guidance, suggestions, and motivations during the consultation period and their corrections and comments during the completion of this thesis. May what they have given for her will be useful and beneficial.
Finally, she wants to express her deeply gratitude to her beloved mother, father, brothers and sister who always motivate, support and pray for her to this thesis. The writer also wants to thanks her beloved friends (Punokawan, IMM RF, & E class) who had given helps, thoughts, supports, and motivations as long as studying at UMM. The writer hopes that this thesis will be beneficial for the readers.
Malang, November 12, 2015 The writer,
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL……….. ii
LEGALISATION………. iii
ORIGINALITY DECLARATION………. iv
MOTTO AND DEDICATION………. v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………... vii
ABSTRACT……… viii TABLE OF CONTENTS... ix
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION……… 1
1.1 Background of the Study……….. 1
1.2 Statement of Problem………... 5
1.3 Aims of the Study………. 5
1.4 Limitation of the Study………. 5
1.5 Significance of the Study……….. 6
1.6 Definition of Key Terms………... 7
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE………....8
2.1 Translation……… 8
2.1.1 Definition of Translation………. 8
2.1.2 Translation Procedure ………. 9
2.2 Figurative Language……… 14
2.2.1 Definition of Figurative Language………. 14
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2.2.3 Figurative Language in Novel Negeri 5 Menara……… 20
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………... 22
3.1 Research Design………. 22
3.2 Research Approach……….. 23
3.2 Research Object……….. 28
3.3 Research Instrument………... 28
3.4 Data Collection……… 29
3.5 Data Analysis………... 29
CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS……….. 31
4.1 The Findings………... 31
4.1.1 The Types of Ahmad’s Figurative Language……….. 31
4.1.2 The Translation Procedure of Ahmad’s Figurative Language.... 41
4.2 Discussion……… 49
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION……… 52
5.1 Conclusions ……….. 52
5.2 Suggestions……… 53
REFERENCES... 55 APPENDIXES………... 57
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APPENDIXES
Appendix 1: Cover Novel “Negeri 5 Menara” by Ahmad Fuadi ... 57 Appendix 2: Cover Novel “Negeri 5 Menara” translated version: “The Land of Five Towers by Angie Kilbane ... 58 Appendix 3: Types of Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student
(Hyperbole) ... 59 Appendix 4: Types of Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student
(Idiom) ... 62 Appendix 5: Types of Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student
(Onomatopeia)... 64 Appendix 6: Types of Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student
(Personification) ... 66 Appendix 7: Types of Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student
(Simile) ... 67 Appendix 8: Types of Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student
(More than one type) ... 70 Appendix 9: Translation Procedure Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student (Transference) ... 73 Appendix 10: Translation Procedure Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student (Cultural Equivalent) ... 74 Appendix 11: Translation Procedure Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student (Synonymy) ... 75
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Appendix 12: Translation Procedure Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student (Through Translation) ... 77 Appendix 13: Translation Procedure Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student (Transposition) ... 79 Appendix 14: Translation Procedure Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student (Paraphrase) ... 82 Appendix 15: Translation Procedure Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student (Reduction) ... 84
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REFERENCES
Bassnett, Susan. 2005. Translation Studies – Third Edition. New York: Taylor & Francis e-Library.
Ni, Lili. 2009. Translation and Theories. China: Department of Culture and Education HLJ Province School.
Robinson, Douglas. 2003. Becoming a Translator: An Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Translation – Second Edition. New York: Routledge. Spurgin, Timothy. 2006. The English Novel – Part 1”. Wisconsin: English
Literature, Lawrence University.
Ordudari, Mahmoud. 2007. Translation Procedures, Strategies and Methods. Available in http://translationjournal.net/journal/41culture.html. Downloaded on Friday, 22 May, 2015 08:25 am.
Munday, Jeremy. 2010. Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications – Second Edition. New York: Taylor & Francis e-Library Frost, Robert. 2006. Figurative Language. Available in
http://frostfriends.org/figurative.html. Downloaded on Friday, 22 May, 2015 02:25 pm.
Jack, Norman, Helen Hyun. 2012. How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education – Eight Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies.
Barry, Peter. 2002. Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory – Second Edition. Wales: University Press.
Rohmah, Siti. 2012. An Analysis of Figurative Language Used in Gola Gong’s Novel “Bila Waktu Bicara”. Unpublished Thesis. State Institute for Islamic Studies (STAIN) Salatiga.
Richards, Jack C., Richard Schmidt. 2010. Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics – Fourth Edition. Great Britain: Pearson Education Limited.
Grahaprilwana. 2009. An Analysis of Figurative Language Translation in Mark Twain’s Novel Entitled Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Unpublished Thesis. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
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Walter, Elizabeth. 2008. Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary– 3rd Edition. Cambridge University Press.
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.
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ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL……….. ii
LEGALISATION………. iii
ORIGINALITY DECLARATION………. iv
MOTTO AND DEDICATION………. v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………... vii
ABSTRACT……… viii TABLE OF CONTENTS... ix
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION……… 1
1.1 Background of the Study……….. 1
1.2 Statement of Problem………... 5
1.3 Aims of the Study………. 5
1.4 Limitation of the Study………. 5
1.5 Significance of the Study……….. 6
1.6 Definition of Key Terms………... 7
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE………....8
2.1 Translation……… 8
2.1.1 Definition of Translation………. 8
2.1.2 Translation Procedure ………. 9
2.2 Figurative Language……… 14
2.2.1 Definition of Figurative Language………. 14
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2.2.3 Figurative Language in Novel Negeri 5 Menara……… 20
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………... 22
3.1 Research Design………. 22
3.2 Research Approach……….. 23
3.2 Research Object……….. 28
3.3 Research Instrument………... 28
3.4 Data Collection……… 29
3.5 Data Analysis………... 29
CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS……….. 31
4.1 The Findings………... 31
4.1.1 The Types of Ahmad’s Figurative Language……….. 31
4.1.2 The Translation Procedure of Ahmad’s Figurative Language.... 41
4.2 Discussion……… 49
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION……… 52
5.1 Conclusions ……….. 52
5.2 Suggestions……… 53
REFERENCES... 55 APPENDIXES………... 57
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APPENDIXES
Appendix 1: Cover Novel “Negeri 5 Menara” by Ahmad Fuadi ... 57 Appendix 2: Cover Novel “Negeri 5 Menara” translated version: “The Land of Five Towers by Angie Kilbane ... 58 Appendix 3: Types of Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student
(Hyperbole) ... 59 Appendix 4: Types of Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student
(Idiom) ... 62 Appendix 5: Types of Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student
(Onomatopeia)... 64 Appendix 6: Types of Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student
(Personification) ... 66 Appendix 7: Types of Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student
(Simile) ... 67 Appendix 8: Types of Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student
(More than one type) ... 70 Appendix 9: Translation Procedure Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student (Transference) ... 73 Appendix 10: Translation Procedure Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student (Cultural Equivalent) ... 74 Appendix 11: Translation Procedure Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student (Synonymy) ... 75
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Appendix 12: Translation Procedure Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student (Through Translation) ... 77 Appendix 13: Translation Procedure Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student (Transposition) ... 79 Appendix 14: Translation Procedure Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student (Paraphrase) ... 82 Appendix 15: Translation Procedure Ahmad’s Figurative Language as Pesantren Student (Reduction) ... 84
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REFERENCES
Bassnett, Susan. 2005. Translation Studies – Third Edition. New York: Taylor & Francis e-Library.
Ni, Lili. 2009. Translation and Theories. China: Department of Culture and Education HLJ Province School.
Robinson, Douglas. 2003. Becoming a Translator: An Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Translation – Second Edition. New York: Routledge. Spurgin, Timothy. 2006. The English Novel – Part 1”. Wisconsin: English
Literature, Lawrence University.
Ordudari, Mahmoud. 2007. Translation Procedures, Strategies and Methods. Available in http://translationjournal.net/journal/41culture.html. Downloaded on Friday, 22 May, 2015 08:25 am.
Munday, Jeremy. 2010. Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications – Second Edition. New York: Taylor & Francis e-Library Frost, Robert. 2006. Figurative Language. Available in
http://frostfriends.org/figurative.html. Downloaded on Friday, 22 May, 2015 02:25 pm.
Jack, Norman, Helen Hyun. 2012. How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education – Eight Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies.
Barry, Peter. 2002. Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory – Second Edition. Wales: University Press.
Rohmah, Siti. 2012. An Analysis of Figurative Language Used in Gola Gong’s Novel “Bila Waktu Bicara”. Unpublished Thesis. State Institute for Islamic Studies (STAIN) Salatiga.
Richards, Jack C., Richard Schmidt. 2010. Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics – Fourth Edition. Great Britain: Pearson Education Limited.
Grahaprilwana. 2009. An Analysis of Figurative Language Translation in Mark Twain’s Novel Entitled Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Unpublished Thesis. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
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Walter, Elizabeth. 2008. Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary– 3rd Edition. Cambridge University Press.
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.