43 wide ranging criteria such as demographic, political, and ecological aspect. The
specific vulnerability criteria explained by CASITA 2004 which cultural of the people become a part of vulnerability.
3.4 Vulnerability Analysis
3.4.1 Method of Research
The method of research vulnerability mapping is shown in figure 3.1. The first part of method is review and identify vulnerability criteria related earthquake hazard. The
review was based on literature and experiences from scientific groups, and the selected vulnerability criteria used to analysis process in this research. The second
part of method was assigned weight value for every criterion. The pairwise comparison method PCM was used to produce weight value. The final part of
method was to implement vulnerability model in GIS spatial analyst, which combines logic arithmetic from spatial attribute and used weighted overlay method.
Figure 3.1 Schematic diagram of vulnerability mapping methodology
3.4.2 Determine Vulnerability Criteria
Vulnerability criteria is important in vulnerab ility process, which is not simple to choosing vulnerability criteria, there are many terms and definitions from expert
44 groups. The general rule to selecting criteria is comprehension about problem
identification for getting better response Malczewski, 1999. Furthermore, according to Malczewski 1999 criteria should close related between decision model and the
problem situation, also consider about number of criteria which suggest taking small number criteria oversimplification. Oversimplification about number of criteria
have goal to reach data availability and quality.
Refer to Malczewski 1999, the technique for selecting criteria may be developed through an examination of the relevant literature, analytical study, and opinions. For
this research study, the examination of the relevant literature was used to select the vulnerability criteria. The references has been using from government documents,
scientific journal, and scientific reports. Some scientific journal and government report was result from field experiences such as CASITA 2004, Taubenbock 2008,
FEMA 2000, BNPB 2007, Cutter, Mitchell, and Scott 2004, Cutter, Boruff, and Shirley 2003, ERA 2008, Rashed, and Weeks 2003, and DGMAE 2004,
which is all criteriasub criteria for vulnerability was validate in the field by them.
After examination the relevant vulnerability literature, comprehension relation between model and problem situation, and consider about data availability and
quality has been chosen some criteria for research study;
a. Physical Vulnerability
Physical vulnerability is related with vulnerability for regional infrastructure like density of building, percentage of built up area, percentage of building, emergency
construction, road network, communication network, and etc. In this research, physical vulnerability was developed from combination density of built up area,
number of structure, and type of structure
