68 Bantul Regency and not the result of further disasters like the tsunami, ground
rapture, and landslides. •
High and low demographic vulnerability factors are influenced by characteristics of the area, to lead urban areas tend to have high levels of
vulnerability which, in turn has a low vulnerability. The total number of population is the most influential factor in the demographic vulnerability,
making Banguntapan District as an area with the highest demographic vulnerability.
• Aspects of social vulnerability is more represented in the form of lowCincome
communities, this is related to the readiness of the community is financially before a disaster and during recovery after a disaster, in which Imogiri district
as a representative of the social aspect. •
Total vulnerability as a representation of the three factors: physical, demographic, social and more dominated by physical factors caused the
physical perception is more influential than others, so make the Bantul district as an area with a total of vulnerability most tinggi. District of Bantul district
when viewed from the number of fatalities included high as are the total number of damaged buildings.
• To further improve the accuracy need to use lowerClevel administrative map of
the village or villages such as spatial database vulnerability maps. •
Assessment weighting of vulnerability for more objective criteria need to involve local resource persons from government, educational institutions,
volunteers, and community leaders.
3.5.2 Recommendation
Some recommendations for further investigation are related to vulnerability analysis: 1.
The selection criteria of vulnerability become the most important factor in the assessment of a vulnerability related to the disaster, the need for further research
by taking samples in several places with different characteristics, as well as the weighting criteria for vulnerability.
69 2.
It needs a further study related to the spatial analysis unit of vulnerability maps for comparison with the use of administrative boundaries.
3. In the process of vulnerability assessment of the most important aspects in the
weighting of the value of vulnerability should involve local experts.
70
CHAPTER IV
Risk Analysis in Urban Area Related Earthquake Hazard
4.1 Introduction
The number of casualities in earthquake hazard occurence depend on the vulnerability condition and expected of hazard. When earthquake hits in dense area, it can cause
high damage and injure many victims. That future concept interplay between hazard and vulnerability is defined as risk Taubenbock
2008. Risk is represent the measure level of damage, injured even death of victim. The measurement of risk can
become an indicator for the safety an area when hazard occurs.
The concept of disaster risk in the concept of probability is directly affected by the devastating earthquake. The probability is highly dependent on the level of hazard
and vulnerability levels, areas with high levels of hazard and vulnerability certainly have a risk probability a high damage as well, and vice versa. In regions with low
levels of disaster does not mean not to be affected by the disaster, let alone have a high vulnerability structure, for the following risk factors increase the quality and
quantity of the driving factors of vulnerability.
The result of risk study can be used to support spatial planning process, especially for land use planning. By the refer from risk map, land allocation process must suitable
with risk area to avoid high impact by earthquake. The risk study also can be based for zoning regulation for planning control in the field.
4.2 Objective of Research
The objective of research is to determine level of risk area by combining hazard map and vulnerability map. Results of analysis of disaster risk maps are the basis of an
71 assessment of the distribution of settlements and judgments against the existing
arrangement of space.
4.3 Literature Review
Risk is defining the probability chance of harm if someone or something vulnerability is exposed to hazard Kentucky Geological Survey, 2009 or it can
describe result from a future interplay of a hazard and various components defining vulnerability Taubenbock
2008. Risk is means the expected number of lives lost, persons injured, damage to property and disruption of economic activity due to a
particular natural phenomenon, and consequently the product of specific risk and elements of risk UNDRO, 1979.
According to the UN 1991 and the UNDP 2004 in Taubenbock 2008, risk
is defining a conceptual superstructure as follows in equation 1. Risk formulas are multiply between hazard and vulnerability, in this research study hazard represent
with earthquake occurrence and probability depend on geological structure. The vulnerability from earthquake hazard is representing with physical, demographic, and
social factors.
4.4 Method of Research
The method of research risk mapping has been shown in figure 4.1. Determine degree of risk is combination among hazard and vulnerability, which refer to risk formula in
equation 1. The source data for hazard and vulnerability from previous result in form of hazard and vulnerability map. The method to combine both map use spatial
analysis by use map algebra feature in ArcGIS software.
