8 student’s motivation, a promoter of learning, an observer of growth, a craftsman, a
technician, an administrator and a therapist.
4. Semester One Students of Theology Study Program
Students of semester one of Theology Study Program are students in the first grade of Theology Faculty. They are priest candidates. They just have entered
the university to study. Their ages are around twenty to twenty two. In this study, the researcher chose the students of Theology Study Program in semester one who
took Bahasa Inggris I Class B to be the research participants. There were twenty two students in the class.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter consists of two sections. The first section explains about the
theoretical description. It discusses several theories that are used as the bases in this study. The second section is the theoretical framework. In theoretical
framework, the researcher explains more about how the theories help the researcher to find out the answer of the research problems.
A. Theoretical Description
The researcher discusses three theories which are related to this research. The theories are: constructivist pedagogy, learning strategies, and motivation. All
of those theories helped the researcher to support findings and discussion in this study.
1. Constructivist Pedagogy
There is a constructivist learning approach in the educational world. The main idea of constructivist learning is that knowledge is constructed actively by
students instead of being transferred from other people. Knowledge is the result of cognitive construction of reality through somebody. The process of constructing
knowledge runs continually by reorganizing a new idea Brooks Brooks, 1993. According to Brooks and Brooks 1993, constructivist pedagogy emphasizes that
knowledge and reality do not have an absolute value. The dynamic and changing in the world may be influenced by time, space, and perspective. Constructivist
