Content-Based Learning Learning Strategies

23 beliefs, and impacts. Learner’s motivation is the result of the accumulation of positive attitude that comes from a teacher and students’ selves. Motivation involves physical and mental activities that can influence the inner of a self. Motivation is the long process whereby goal-directed activities are instigated and sustained Schunk, Meece, Pintrich, 2014. Schunk, Meece, and Pintrich 2014 break down physical activities into two points namely effort and persistence. Effort is struggle to achieve goals through supporting activities. People who can keep their effort will be reluctant to give up. For example, students work hard in practice. Practice with continued success brings feeling of mastery and satisfactions and the belief that similar and even more difficult tasks can be master easily in the future Zimmerman Schunk, 2001. According to Twinning 1991, success can be them if students believe in themselves, understand the importance of taking appropriate actions and have willingness to make effort to act. Persistence means the act of being persistent to reach success. Persistence is positive attitude which is performed continuously by people. Moreover, Schunk, Meere, and Pintrich 2014 also define mental activities which entail seven parts namely planning, rehearsing, organizing, monitoring, making decisions, solving problems and assessing progress. Planning is designing a future plan in order to guide the step of people to accomplish their goals. Rehearsing means repeating what has been done or retells positive thought can accumulate and develop skills of people. Organizing is arranging in working order or giving structure to a future step in order to optimize the function of each act. Monitoring is overseeing people ’s acts to guard them to achieve their dreams. People can supervise their 24 own tracks so that they can evaluate their steps. Making decision means the skills of being independent to make right decisions by considering the risk that will come. Solving problem is overcoming difficulties or problems by offering solution which is good and relevant to minimize the risk. Assessing progress means measuring progress by evaluation or calculation of entity. People can know their progress by assessing it. Therefore, they can act better.

b. The Role of An Effective Model to Students’ Motivations

A real model in the classroom can also motivate students to learn Shchunk, Meece Pintrich, 2014. When teachers set out to teach students, they are automatically asking students to trust them. Teachers want students to believe that they have something worthwhile to teach Peterson, 1992. In accordance with Peterson 1992, teachers want students to feel some senses of motivation about learning and want them to have faith that the information from teachers is worth having. Teachers can earn students’ trust by becoming an effective model. Learners who trust their teachers will prove more cooperative in the classroom Peterson, 1992. A teacher who can be an effective model could influence students to perform and act successfully in the learning process. They are inspired by their teachers’ actions and habits in learning. An effective model can evoke students’ enthusiasm so that they could be engaged in the process of learning. Schunk, Meece and Pintrich 2014 identify characteristics of an effective model that are important namely: PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 25 1 Competence Model who performs competently will inspire students to attend to and pattern their actions Schunk, Meece Pintrich, 2014. Teachers should show their competence in order to earn students’ trust. Teachers should demonstrate in some tangible and practical fashion that they are worth trusting here and now. Competent teachers invite students to learn from the habit of their teachers. 2 Perceived Similarity Students can be motivated from the teachers who show similarity conditions. Teachers who can face hurdles and solve it will motivate students to believe the consequence of actions. Therefore, they get braveness to take a risk in the learning process. 3 Credibility Trust involves persistence of the model. Students believe that their teachers are credible if they can show their competences and good customs frequently. A teacher has a very important role to play in setting a high trust atmosphere. Credibility of the teacher supports a high trust environment. Models who can act consistently with their positive behavior are more likely to be judged by students as credible and to be emulated than are models who act differently with what they teach Shchunk, Meece, Pintrich, 2014. 4 Enthusiasm Teachers who present their messages enthusiastically enhance students ’ learning and motivational processes better than less enthusiastic model Schunk, Meere Pintrich, 2014. Teachers can show their enthusiasm about the learning