60
Criteria Explanation
Students’ grammar ability • Students’ grammar ability was under
achievement. • Students’ grammar performance in
speaking and writing were low. • Students still found difficulty in
learning and using tenses.
B. Goals, General Purposes, Topics
To formulate the goals and general purposes, the researcher adapted School Based Curriculum as known as Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan
KTSP . In KTSP, the goals were considered as Competence Standards.
Meanwhile, the general purposes were considered as Basic Competences.
The steps to formulate the goals and the general purposes in KTSP were different from the steps of Kemp’s Instructional design. In KTSP, the researcher
had to specify the broad goals or Competence Standards into the general purposes or Basic Competences. After that, the functional skills and texts from the basic
competences were used to select the learning topics. In this study, the researcher formulated the goals for speaking and writing
skills. It was related to the students’ difficulty in using tenses in speaking and writing English. Therefore, the researcher made design of learning activities to
develop students’ ability to use past tenses which were focused on speaking and writing skills. The goals and the general purposes of the design of learning
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
61 activities to develop students’ ability to use past tenses in speaking and writing
skills for tenth grade students are presented in Table 4. 9.
Table 4.9 The Goals and General Purposes of the Designed Learning Activities
No. Skills Goals
Competence Standard General Purposes
Basic Competence
1. Speaking
To express the meaning in short functional texts
and monologue texts in the form of recount,
narrative, and procedure in the daily life context
To express the meaning in simple monologue texts by
using various spoken language accurately, fluently, and
acceptably in the daily life context, in the form of
recount. 2.
Writing To express the meaning
in short functional written text, simple essay
in the form of recount, narrative, and procedure
in daily life context To express meanings and
rhetorical steps in written essay accurately, fluently, and
acceptably by using various written language in the context
of daily life in the form of recount.
3. Speaking
To express the meaning in short functional texts
and monologue texts in the form of recount,
narrative, and procedure in the daily life context
To express the meaning in simple monologue texts by
using various spoken language accurately, fluently, and
acceptably in the daily life context, in the form of
narrative.
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No. Skills Goals
Competence Standard General Purposes
Basic Competence
4. Writing
To express the meaning in short functional written
text, simple essay in the form of recount,
narrative, and procedure in daily life context
To express meanings and rhetorical steps of essay
written text accurately, fluently, and acceptably by
using various written language in the context of daily life in
the form of narrative.
After formulating the goals and the general purposes, the researcher listed the topics based on the basic competencies. The researcher offered ten options
which consisted of lists of topics in questionnaire which distributed to the participants. For the last option, the participants might add additional topics that
they liked. Here, the lists of topics are presented in Table 4.10
Table 4.10 The Results of Chosen Topics Topics Number
Percentage
1. My Experience in Junior High School
2. My Unforgettable Experience
3. My Childhood Experience
4. How to make a cup of tea
5. How to make an omelet
6. Legend
7. Myth
8. Fable
9.
Short story
6 18
9 9
4 10
3 2
18 21. 43
64. 29 32. 14
32. 14 14. 29
35. 71 10. 71
7. 14 64. 29
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Topics Number Percentage
10. Others:
a. Translating a song
b. Reading an article and magazine
1 1
3. 57 3. 57
From that result of chosen topics, the researcher took three topics which had higher percentage. The three topics are presented in Table 4. 11.
Table 4.11 Learning Topics No. Topics
1. Recount: My Unforgettable Experience
2. Narrative: Short Story
3. Narrative: Legend
C. Learning Objectives
