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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter discusses the theories that underline the study. There are the theoretical review and the theoretical framework.
A. Theoretical Review
This section presents related theories that support this study. Five areas of inquiry will be presented, namely the Theory of Literature-that consists of Theory of
Character and Theory of Characterization, Theory of Critical Approaches, the Theory of Psychology-that consists of Theories of Psychology of Character and
Motivation, and the last is Theory of Love and Marriage.
1. Theory of Literature
Theory of literature functions to specify and strengthen the base of the terms used from the literature point of view. Two sub-theories are included in this
theory, namely the Theory of Character and Theory of Characterization.
a. Theory of Character
In this study, the theory of character is used to identify the main characters in the novel. Hence, it is essential to have the definition of character which takes many
different kinds of type.
6 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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1 Definition
Character is one of the elements in fiction that make up the novel. Its presence is significant in contributing actions which create dynamicity and conflicts
of the story. But it is important to note that a character may refer to two different but basic associations. According to Holman and Harmon 1986; 81, there are two
definitions of characters; first is the presence of creatures that are described as human beings and the second is a term including the concept of a moral frame of human the
traits. Henkle 1977: 88-100 divides the term character into two, they are major
character and secondary or minor character, in order to distinguish between those of prominence in the novel. The major character deserves our fullest attention of the
novel. Besides it performs the key structural function in the novel, meaning that we build our expectations and desires, which in modification shift our values upon the
major character. Hence the effectiveness of most novels depends upon the ability of the major character to express and dramatize the human issues of the book. On the
other hand, the secondary character performs more limited functions, less complex than the major character, and presents what is only one side of the experience. The
secondary character functions as a foil to support the major character.
2 Kinds of Characters
In A Glossary of Literary Terms, Abrams 1981: 20-21 states that a character is categorized into two kinds as follows:
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a Flat Character
Character which is built around a single idea or quality and presented without much individualizing detail, and therefore can be fairly adequately described in a
single phrase or sentence.
b Round Character
Character which is complex in temperament and it is represented with delicate particularity. This type of character is as difficult to describe with any
adequacy as a person in real life.
b. Theory of Characterization
