1. What features of Nonstandard Negro English or Black English structure are shown in Troy’s speeches in August Wilson’s Fences?
2. What are the effects of such feature of Black English structure toward the understanding of the dialect for the readers?
C. Objectives at the Study
Based on the problems formulation above, there are two objectives of the study. First is to describe the kinds of the features of Nonstandard Negro English or
Black English structure are shown in the characters’ dialogue in August Wilson’s Fences. The second is to analyze the effects of the feature of Black English toward
the understanding of the story.
D. Definition of Term
The writer will give some definition of linguistics terminologies in order to
avoid misleading in analyzing the data. The terms used in this analysis are, Black English dialect, varieties, grammar
and Standard English.
The most important point to analyze the data is we must have good understanding about Black English dialect. Firstly, the writer will give the definition
of varieties to help the learners understand what Black English dialect is. According to Hudson in Sociolinguistics, variety is a set of linguistics terms or ‘human speech
patterns’ presumable sounds, words, and grammatical features which we can uniquely associate with some external factors such as most likely a geographical area
or a social group Hudson, 1980: 24. The definition of Black English dialect itself, PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
according to Wardhaugh in his an Introduction to Sociolinguistics is “one variety of English that has become so identified with the African-American ethnic group in
America” Wardhaugh, 1986: 46-47. It is considered as probably the most significant linguistic code in the United State refers to black people in America.
Geoffrey Finch in his Linguistics Terms and Concepts defines grammar as “a set of internal rules which guide speakers of a language to produce well-formed
constructions.” Finch, 2000: 20. “The rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences.” Finch, 2000: 77. Grammar is a part of language features in this
case is English. Like any other languages which have standard language to standardize theirs dialects, English has Standard English. The definition of Standard
English based on Freeborn in Varieties of English is “one dialect among many, which is known as the educated variety of English, and is taught to foreign learners
of English” 1993: 39. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW
This chapter is divided into four parts. The first part is the review of related studies that presents some studies done by other researchers that have the
relationships with the studies. These studies will give advantages for the writer to run the analysis. The second part contains the related theories that are going to use in
solving the two problems formulation of the analysis. The next part is theoretical framework. This part describes how the related theories are applied to answer the
problems. The last part is research framework. It is a diagram which describes the framework of the research.
A. Review of Related Studies
Black English, also known as African-American Vernacular English, is one variety of English that has become so identified with the African-American ethnic
group in America Wardhaugh, 1986: 46-47. Since the language features of Black English are quite different from Standard English, there has been a research done on
this subject. An undergraduate thesis in the syntactic variation of Nonstandard Negro English Dialect entitled The Syntactic Variation of Nonstandard Negro English
Dialect in Novel the Color Purple written by Usep Supriyadi from State University of Yogyakarta. The thesis describes and identifies the kinds of syntactic variation of the
