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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW
This chapter is divided into four parts. The first part is the review of related studies that presents some studies done by other researchers that have the
relationships with the studies. These studies will give advantages for the writer to run the analysis. The second part contains the related theories that are going to use in
solving the two problems formulation of the analysis. The next part is theoretical framework. This part describes how the related theories are applied to answer the
problems. The last part is research framework. It is a diagram which describes the framework of the research.
A. Review of Related Studies
Black English, also known as African-American Vernacular English, is one variety of English that has become so identified with the African-American ethnic
group in America Wardhaugh, 1986: 46-47. Since the language features of Black English are quite different from Standard English, there has been a research done on
this subject. An undergraduate thesis in the syntactic variation of Nonstandard Negro English Dialect entitled The Syntactic Variation of Nonstandard Negro English
Dialect in Novel the Color Purple written by Usep Supriyadi from State University of Yogyakarta. The thesis describes and identifies the kinds of syntactic variation of the
simple declarative sentences of the Nonstandard Negro English or Black English dialect in the novel the Color Purple and the patterns of the simple declarative
sentences of the Nonstandard Negro English or Black English dialect in that novel. He analyzes how the Nonstandard Negro English NNE or Black English
BE dialect differs in its syntactic variation compared with Standard American English SAE. It has many kinds of syntactic variation. It does not employ verb
tenses at all or it does not use the verb tenses correctly. Another undergraduate thesis which is used as the related study is English
Negation as a Dialect Feature in Tom Sawyer’s Speech in Mark Twain’s the Adventure of Huckleberry Finn done by Ignatius Bagus Widyatmoko. His thesis
focuses on a description of nonstandard English, the dialect of English, which is used by Tom Sawyer. In his analysis, he finds out some specific features of Tom Sawyer’s
dialect. He also seeks Tom Sawyer’s reasons to choose certain dialect among the others and what the effect is toward Tom Sawyer himself and the listeners. Here,
Tom Sawyer is a person who speaks in some different dialect. Language choice is the biggest matter in this thesis.
All of these related studies above discuss about the variety of English. This thesis is different from those studies in that it analyzes the contrast between Black
English structure and Standard English structure in order to know what effects that might be caused by those features toward the understanding of the story.
