anxiety. Each person has different ways to suppress the anxiety. This person can use its defense mechanism to cover it, or expresses the anxiety by getting the
neurosis’ symptoms.
B. Problem Formulation
Regarding to Sophia’s neurosis. The following problem formulation is made to lead this study.
1. What are Sophia’s conflicts described in the story?
2. How do Sophia’s conflicts trigger her anxiety?
3. How does Sophia’s anxiety contribute to her neurosis?
C. Objectives of the Study
The objectives of this study are to answer questions mentioned above. First, Sophia’s conflicts are compiled as the intrinsic element of literature. Second,
Sophia’s conflicts guide the study to identify her anxiety. As her anxiety is discovered, the final goal is to see Sophia’s reaction in facing her anxiety.
D. Definition of Terms
This part is intended to clarify the terms that complete the analysis in this study. The terms are
from Hall’s book A Primer of Freudian Psychology and Stone’s The Abnormal Personality Through Literature that the details are
collected. The terms are theory of anxiety and neurosis. The theory of anxiety explains three levels of anxiety that are reality anxiety, neurotic anxiety, and
moral anxiety. While the theory of neurosis covers all the disturbing conditions of human.
The theory of anxiety defines that anxiety is a painful feeling which is aroused by certain trigger. There are three types of anxiety which are reality
anxiety, neurotic anxiety, and moral anxiety. Reality anxiety is a discomfort feeling when a person feels threatened toward the danger of the external world.
Whereas, neurotic anxiety is a fear that is aroused by the person’s instincts. The
last type of anxiety is moral anxiety, the painful feeling which occurs when a person is against the norm of society Hall, 1979: 62-67.
This paper also uses theory of neurosis. It is described as a disturbing condition that human has as one of the ways how a person expresses their anxiety.
Stone 1966: 161 explains, “the neuroses can be viewed as either expressing anxiety, e.g., the acute anxiety attack; compartmentalizing anxiety, e.g., the
phobia; transforming anxiety, e.g., the conversion hysteria.”
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
