PERILAKU KITA AMR RESPONS DUNIA    

1. PERILAKU KITA

MAGIC BULLET? Bagaimana Perilaku kita? •  Perilaku tidak “appropriate” “misconceptions” yang berakar kuat. •  Pasien: swa medikasi, menuntut diresepkan ketika tidak terindikasi •  Nakes: meresepkan merekomendasikan tanpa indikasi •  Di ranah non medis mis, growth promoter di pakan ternak. •  Masalah: al pemahaman kurang, kampanye pemasaran yang intensif, factor ekonomi. Ab - ternak Sebagian mati terkontaminasi Makanan terkontaminasi Lingkungan terkontaminasi Sakit berat Treatment Choices Prior Knowledge Habits Scientific Information Relationships With Peers Influence of Drug Industry Workload Staffing Infra- structure Authority Supervision Societal Information Intrinsic Workplace Workgroup Social Cultural Factors Economic Legal Factors Many Factors Influence Use of Medicines ”…whenever I get these symptoms and go to a doctor, he gives me the same medicine and charges me 10 rupees. So why not just buy the medicine?” Dua V et al. 1994 PERESEPAN ANTIBIOTIK •   YOP 2010: Demam 86.4, diare 74.1, ISPA 54.6, batuk 46.3. •   WHO 2005: 50 resep AB di Puskesmas dan rumah sakit Indonesia. •   Survei nasional 2009: antibiotik diresepkan untuk penyakit2 virus seperti diare akut dan selesma flu. •   Riskesdas 2013: 86,1 rumah tangga menyimpan antibiotik di rumah tanpa resep dokter. •   Survei WHO YOP 2015 pada dokter: 57 dokter umum, spesialis, gigi dari 153 responden mengaku meresepkan antibiotik untuk kondisi tidak butuh antibiotik. •   68 dari 139 dokter umumspesialis memberikan antibiotik kepada pasien dengan diagnosis batuk pilek. •   68 juga menggunakan antibiotik untuk pasien bedah minor.

2. AMR RESPONS DUNIA

ONE HEALTH APPROACH Menangkar AMR secara holistik: Kesehatan manusia, hewan, lingkungan, keamanan pangan Dunia menyikapi … WHO - GAP

1.  

improve awareness understanding of AMR through effective communication, education and training; 2.   strengthen the knowledge and evidence base through surveillance, research; 3.   reduce incidence of infection through effective sanitation, hygiene, prevention measures;

4.  

optimize the use of antimicrobial medicines in human and animal health; and 5.   develop the economic case for sustainable investment in new medicines, diagnostic tools, vaccines and other interventions. ReAct International CSO – KOALISI CSO; MASYARAKAT •   Antibiotic Resistance Coalition ARC; Deklarasi -- advokasi perubahan kebijakan action untuk cegah terwujudnya the post-antibiotic era. Aksi tematiknya: •   Access not excess •   Curbing use of antibiotics in food and agriculture •   Catalyzing antibiotic innovation •   Malaysia, Thailand, Amerika Selatan, Indonesia, Eropa Belanda •   Penang: meat free of AB •   Belanda: No AGP •   Thai: ASU, ternak CSO Indonesia? … YOP •   Seminar FGD, “kursus” 2-6 bulan •   Mailing List: sehatyahoogroups.com •   Radio Talk shows, Articles, Books, Child health corner magazine •   Website: www.milissehat.web.id ; bijak ab •   Model Clinic, Drug info, penelitiaan pola peresepan sector swasta •   Social media : Twitter, face book •   Roadshow AMR •   Program: PATIENT, FAMILY, COMMUNITY - ENGAGEMENT AMR pasien harapan? Di BERDAYA kan •   Akses - informasi shared decision making •   Evidence based guidelines •   Kebijakan nasional dengan law enforcement nya •   Formularium •   Pelatihan •   Compassionate and dedicated champions •   Community education and campaigns

3. STRATEGI