Vampire's representation characteristics and the proposed ideology in the twilight novel

Ideology in the Twilight Novel. A Thesis: Letters and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, October 2010.

This research discussed Stephenie Meyers novel entitled “Twilight”, focusing on analyzing representation and the Ideology which emerge in that novel.

The objective of this research is to know how Vampire represented in the Twilight

and to know the ideology of the novel’s representation through from the action of the characters. This research uses qualitative method and followed by representation theory and ideology.

The researcher uses the data collected about Vampire representation to analyze how Vampire is described in the Novel and find resources to complete the research references. And the unit analysis of this research is the novel entitled “Twilight” by Stephenie Meyer.

The Novel attempts to present the brand new images of Vampire in her story. The representation of Vampire in the Twilight brings controversy because in the novel gives positive image toward Vampire, because there are so many different images with vampire that we have known before, from the actions, behaviors, and nature of Vampire itself. Besides that, the novel also presented positive image toward

Vampire.

Throughout the Twilight novel, all the members of vampires represented doing something positive like interact and socialize with human, helping people, adaptable, stylish and so on. Besides their members, the novel also describes about the other differences between another vampire in the past and brand new image of vampire, in the past they always doing something negative like “Drink” a human blood, dangerous, injuring people, etc.

From the analysis, the writer finds some characteristics of modern vampire. They are good looking, adaptable with human, kindly, friendly, and have a good act in their daily activities. They represent as a new creature that also has a human nature. Besides that, it can be assumed that the writer of this novel tries to create “The Ideology of Humanity”.

THE PROPOSED IDEOLOGY IN THE TWILIGHT NOVEL BY STEPHENIE MEYER

A Thesis

Submitted In The Faculty of Adab and Humanities in Partial Fulfillment Requirements for Strata One Degree (S1)

MELINDA ADRIANI NIM. 106026001005

Approved By: Advisor,

Inayatul Chusna, M. Hum NIP. 197801262003122002

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH

JAKARTA

2010

NIM : 106026001005

Title : Vampire’s Representation Characteristics and The Proposed Ideology in The Twilight Novel by Stephenie Meyer.

The thesis has been defended before the Letters and Humanities Faculty’s Examination Committee on Tuesday, November 2nd , 2010. It has already been accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Strata 1.

Jakarta, November 2nd , 2010 Examination Committee

Signature Date

1. Dr. H. Muhammad Farkhan, M.Pd (Chair Person) __________ _________ NIP: 19650919 200003 1 002

2. Drs. Asep Saefuddin, M.Pd (Secretary) __________ _________ NIP: 1640710 199303 1 006

3. Inayatul Chusna, M.Hum (Advisor) __________ _________ NIP: 19780126 200312 2 002

4. Drs. Abdul Hamid, M.Ed (Examiner I) __________ _________ NIP: 150181922

5. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum (Examiner II) __________ _________ NIP: 19781003 200112 2 002

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text.

Jakarta, November 2010

Melinda Adriani

In the name of Allah, the most Gracious and the most Merciful

First of all the writer would be especially grateful to ALLAH SWT, the lord of the universe, who has created heavens and earth, who has created mankind and all that we perceive. Peace and blessing be upon the prophet Muhammad SAW, his fellows and followers.

Second, the writer would like to express her gratitude to Madrawan Subadri, her beloved father, for the useful advice and the financial support, she also thanks to her grandmother for the prayer and hope. And the unforgettable thanks to her lovely Mom, Ani Agustina , My little sister Devita Adriani and for all the contributions that she needs until the end of her study in this university. The writer thanks to her best friends Sri Rahayu and Lindawati.

Next, the writer would like to thank to her advisor Miss. Inayatul Chusna for the great patient and contribution to finish this thesis and for all her advices that have been given to her. Wish Allah will response her deeds with thousand kindnesses.

Consequently, the writer also thanks to these following people;

1. Prof. Dr. Komarudin Hidayat, the Rector of State Islamic University (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta.

2. Dr. Abdul Wahid Hasyim, M.Ag, the Dean of Letters and Humanities Faculty.

Department.

5. All the lecturers of English Letters Department, for being taught and educated her during she studies at the university.

6. All the librarians in Main Library of UIN Jakarta, Center Library, Adab Library and American Corner.

7. Arvie Johan, My lovely life partner, thank you for all your pray, love, attention, motivation, and support. Thank you for always being her reason to do everything right!

8. Her Classmates in BSI C and Literature Class : Lulu, Iis, Nisa, Nadia, Rohani, Royani, Kartika, Tazkiya, Anggi, Ina, Ismi, Ninda, Tirta, Fitriyah, Indah, Dian, Zoya, Lya, Nurul Khasanah, Nilam, Ega, Kiki, Wina, Damanhuri, Akin, Adnan Rasyid, Satrio, Cahya, Akbar, Fauzi, Rosyid, Teguh, Hayubi and Trisno.

9. FENSRTJ, Thank you for your never ending friendship.

Finally, the writer realizes that this paper is not perfect yet, it is a pleasure for her to receive some critics and suggestions.

Jakarta, November, 2010

The Writer

ABSTRACT ... i

APPROVEMENT ... ii

LEGALIZATION ... iii

DECLARATION ... iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ... 1

A. Background of the Study ... 1

B. Focus of the Study ... 7

C. Research Questions ... 7

D. Significance of the Study ... 7

E. Research Methodology ... 8

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ... 10

A. Concept of Representation ... 10

B. Concept of Character and Characterization ... 14

C. Concept of Ideology ... 18

D. Concept of Humanity ... 20

E. Characteristics of Vampire ... 25

CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS ... 29

A. The Characteristic of Vampires Representation in Twilight Novel ... 30

1.

Ability to Interact and Socialize with Human . 30

2.

They are Resistance to sunlight ... 33

3.

The Vegetarian Vampire ... 35

6.

Stylish and care to their appearance ... 41

B. Ideology of Humanity in Twilight ... 43

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 47

A. Conclusion ... 47

B. Suggestion ... 48

BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 49

Arranged by: Melinda Adriani

106026001005

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY

“SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH”

JAKARTA

2010

A Thesis submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty In Partial of the Requirements for

Strata 1 (S1) Degree

Arranged By: Melinda Adriani

106026001005

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY

“SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH”

JAKARTA

2010

A. Background of the study

A novel is an extended work of written, narrative, prose fiction, usually in story form; the writer of a novel is a novelist. The English word "novel" derives from the Italian word novella, meaning "a tale, a piece of news". The novel is longer (40,000 words and onwards) and more complex than either the short story and the novella, is not bound by the structural and metrical restrictions of plays and poetry, and is not usually composed of the traditional plots of myth and legend (contrast with "romance"). In many cases a novel is about characters and their actions in everyday life (often the writer's present), with emphasis on the "novelty" of the narrative. 1

Meanwhile, in other meaning novel is one of media to express literary work that can be categorized as a discourse. At this time, there are so many kinds of novel that circulate in the market. It’s even also all kind of types. If first maybe more novels or story books that lift heroism story, history and other legendaries story, now novel type already rapidly grow. Start in 1990s many novels appear with family theme, friendship, love and the other. But not only have that, for devoted literature lovers, quite a few other novels that more ‘contain’ from simply only discussed love problem.

1

http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Novel

In vampire literature covers the spectrum of literary work concerned principally with the subject of vampires. The vampires novel first appeared in eighteenth century poetry, before becoming one of the stock figures of gothic

fiction with the publication of Polidori's The Vampyre (1819), which was

inspired by the life and legend of Lord Byron. Later influential works include the penny dreadful Varney the Vampire (1847); Sheridan Le Fanu's tale of a lesbian vampire, Carmilla (1872) and the masterpiece of the genre: Bram Stoker's Dracula (1897).

In later years, vampire stories have diversified into areas of crime, fantasy, science fiction or even chick-lit. As well as the typical fanged revenants, newer representations include aliens and even plants with vampiric abilities. Others feed on energy rather than blood.2

A milestone in vampire literature was Elizabeth Caroline Grey's The Skeleton Count, or The Vampire Mistress (1828), believed to be the first

vampire story published by a woman.3 An important later example of 19th

century Vampire fiction is the penny dreadful epic Varney the Vampire (1847) featuring Sir Francis Varney as the Vampire. In this story we have the first example of the standard trope in which the vampire comes through the window at night and attacks a maiden as she lies sleeping.

2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vampire_literature 3

Fascinating erotic fixations are evident in Sheridan le Fanu's classic

novella Carmilla(1872) which features a female vampire with lesbian

inclinations who seduces the heroine Laura whilst draining her of her vital fluids. Le Fanu's story is set in the Duchy of Styria. Such central European locations became a standard feature of vampire fiction.

Another important example of the development of vampire fiction

can be found in three seminal novels by Paul Féval: Le Chevalier

Ténèbre (1860), La Vampire (1865) and La Ville Vampire (1874). Marie

Nizet's Le Capitaine Vampire(1879) features a Russian officer, Boris

Liatoukine, who is a vampire.4

Then, in Twentieth century Though Stoker's Count Dracula remained an iconic figure, especially in the new medium of cinema, twentieth century vampire fiction went beyond traditional Gothic horror and explored new

genres such as science fiction. An early example of this is Gustave Le

Rouge's Le prisonnier de la planète Mars (1908) and its sequel La guerre des vampires (1909), in which a native race of bat-winged, blood-drinking humanoids is found on Mars.

One of the first "scientific" vampire novels, which also becomes another influential example of vampire science fiction was Richard Matheson's 1954 I Am Legend which as been used as the basis for the films

The Last Man on Earth (1964), The Omega Man (1971), and I Am Legend

(2007).

4

The latter part of the twentieth century saw the rise of multi-volume

vampire epics. The first of these was Gothic romance writer Marilyn

Ross's Barnabas Collins series (1966–71) loosely based on the contemporary American TV series Dark Shadows. It also set the trend for seeing vampires as poetic tragic heroes rather than as the traditional embodiment of evil. This formula was followed in the popular Vampire Chronicles (1976–2003) series of novels by Anne Rice and Chelsea Quinn Yarbro's massive Saint-Germain series (1978–). Ross, Rice and Yarbro set the trend for multi-volume vampire sagas which are now a stock feature of mass-market fiction (see below for list). Rice's work also saw the beginning of the convergence of traditional

Gothic ideas with the modern Gothic subculture and a more explicit

exploration of the transgressive sexualities which had always been implicit in vampire fiction.

The 1981 novel The Hunger (adapted as a film in 1983) continued the theme of transgressive sexuality and examined the biology of vampires, suggesting that their special abilities were the result of physical properties of their blood. The novel suggested that not all vampires were undead humans, but some were a separate species that had evolved alongside humans. This interpretation of vampires has since then been used in several science-fiction stories dealing with vampires, most famously the Blade movie series.

Kim Newman's Anno Dracula series (1992–) returns to Stoker's Count Dracula and gives the genre a somewhat post-modern spin.

Post-Colonial perspectives on the vampire legend are provided in Nalo

Hopkinson's novel Brown Girl In The Ring(1998), which features

the Soucouyant, a vampire of Caribbean folklore, and in Tananarive Due's My Soul to Keep (1995) and its sequel The Living Blood (2001).

Many books based on vampires are still being published, including several continuing series. Anne Rice's Vampire Chronicles ended after many

years, but many others have started up in the meantime. Paranormal

Romance, inspired by Rice but mostly dropping the transgress sexuality of her characters in favors of more conventional sexual roles, is a remarkable contemporary publishing phenomenon. In many popular legends, a vampire describes as a bloodsucking creature that rises from its burial place at night, sometimes in the form of a bat, to drink the blood of humans. By daybreak it must return to its grave or to a coffin filled with its native earth. Vampires are supposedly dead humans (originally suicides, heretics, or criminals) who maintain a kind of life by biting the necks of living humans and sucking their blood; their victims also become vampires after death. These "undead" creatures cast no shadow and are not reflected in mirrors. They can be warded off by crucifixes or wreaths of garlic and can be killed by exposure to the sun or by an oak stake driven through the heart.

The most prominent new exponent of this sub-genre is Stephenie Meyer with her "Twilight Saga." Other romances with handsome vampires as

the male lead include Lynsay Sands' Argeneau family series (2003–),

Charlaine Harris The Southern Vampire Mysteries series (2001–), and

Christine Feehan's Carpathian series (1999–). However, Laurell K. Hamilton's

Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter series has again shifted the genre boundaries from romance back toward the territory of erotica.

Related to the number of English novel that now frequently circulate in Indonesia, which have story quality that also jolly good, this matter inspires me to use novel as the object in my research. This, I select Twilight novel the works of Stephenie Meyer that also become first novel from tetra logy

Twilight saga.

In Twilight novel, Stephenie Meyer tries to represent a new image of vampire. The novel represents vampire as a creature who has a good side and act besides their images which we have ever known before, as a devil, horrible creature, need a human blood to survive, and so on. Actually, vampires5 are mythological creatures, the existence of which science has not yet been able to prove. But there is a large amount of untested evidence directed towards the fact that vampire tendencies are a possibility among humans.

The different representation of vampire in Twilight novel with the real one raises many questions of what the novel actual intention is.

5

http://www.articlesbase.com/art-and-entertainment-articles/how-to-identify-a-vampire-the-characteristics-of-a-creature-of-the-undead

By analyzing how vampire is represented in the novel, it reveals the ideology of the book represent such description.

B. Focus of the Study

In accordance with background above, this research will be

concentrated on how vampire represented in Twilight novel the works of

Stephenie Meyer is depicted and whether ideology that constitute representation of vampire is referred as by using theory of representation. Data

Source which to use in research this is the novel Twilight the works of

Stephenie Meyer.

C. Research Questions

In this study, the research questions which are proposed are:

1. What characteristics are showed by vampire’s representation in Twilight

novel?

2. What ideology that is purposed by the writer of this novel?

D. Significance of the Study

The writer hopes that this research can develop our

acknowledgement in literature, especially to many other references using representation theory approach on literary works. So that it will be more variation, especially in the ideology criticism.

E. Research Methodology

1. The Objections of the Research

a. Understanding the characteristic of the representation of Vampires in

Twilight Novel.

b. Describing the ideology which is purposed by the writer of this novel

2. The Method of the Research

The method which is used in this research is qualitative method; the result of this research will be described in analytical description. Meanwhile, this research will be attached with theories of representation by Stuart Hall. In this study, the writer will describe some characteristics and find out the ideology that purposed by the writer of this novel.

3. The Data Analysis Technique

In this research, the writer uses descriptive analysis technique which is supported by a theory of representation based on critical literary.

4. Instrument of Research

In this research, the researcher herself is the subject of the study who collects the data from Twilight novel by Stephenie Meyer that published in 2005 by Little, Brownian and Company, New York.

5. The Unit of Analysis

Unit of analysis in this research is the content of Twilight novel by Stephenie Meyer. Twilight novel published in 2005 by Little, Brownian and Company, New York.

5. Place and Time of Research

The research begins in 2010 at English Letters Department, Adab dan Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.

CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A. The Concept of representation

The concept of Representation has come to occupy a new and important place in the study of culture. Representation means using language to say something meaningfully about, or to represent the world meaningfully, to other people. Representation is an essential part of the process by which meaning is produced and exchanged between members and culture. It does involve the use language of signs and images, which stand for or represent things. The word ‘represent’ have three possible meanings: 6

1. To represent meaning to stand in for, as in the case of singing a nation’s anthem in the Olympiad 2008 where every nation’s anthem will be sung to indicate that country is in participated. 2. To represent meaning to speak or act on behalf of. A person who

represents a group in this sense may also serve a symbolic function. An example might Soekarno – Hatta, who speak and act on behalf of the Indonesia community.

3. To ‘represent’ meaning to present. In this sense, an artist can re-present a society in a novel, film and drama.

6

Hall, Stuart. Representation, Cultural Representation, Cultural Representation and Signifying Practice. London: Sage Publication Ltd 1997. P. 57

The writer uses the last definition ‘represent’ which meaning is presented again. There are to systems of representation, involved.

First, there is a ‘system’ by which all sorts of objects people and events are correlated with a set of concepts or mental representations, which the author carry around in the reader’s minds. Without them, we could not interpret the world meaningfully at all. In the first place, then, meaning depends on the system of concepts and images formed in our thoughts which can stand for or ‘represents’ the world, enabling us to refer to things both inside and outside our heads. The example is simple enough to see how the author might from concepts for thing we can perceive-people or material objects like chairs, tables, and desks. But we also form concepts of rather obscure and abstract things, which we can not see in any simple way, feel, or touch. Think, for example of our concepts of war, or death, friendship or love. The second system of representation is language involved in the overall process of constructing meaning. Our shared conceptual map must be translated into a common language, so that the reader can correlate the author’s concepts and ideas with certain written words, spoken sounds or visual images. The general term the author use for words, sound images which carry meaning is signs. These signs stand for or represent the concept and the conceptual relations between them which the author carries around in the reader’s minds and together they make up the meaning system of the reader’s culture.

This is a ‘system of representation’, because it consists, not of individual concepts, but of different ways of organizing, clustering, arranging and classifying concepts, and of establishing complex relation between them.

Meanings depend on the relationship between things in the world-people, objects and events, real or fictional-and the conceptual system, which can operate as mental representation of them.

Any sound, word, image, or object which functions as a sign, and is organized with other signs into a system which is capable of carrying and expressing meaning is, from the point of view, a ‘language’.

At the heart of meaning process in culture, then, are two related ‘system of representation’. The first enables us to give meaning to the world by constructing a set of correspondences or a chain of equivalences between things – people, objects, events, abstract ideas, etc – and our system of concepts, our conceptual maps. The second depend on constructing a set of correspondences between our conceptual and a set of signs, arranged or organized into various languages which stand for or represent those concepts. The relation between ‘things’, concepts, and signs lies at the heart of the production of meaning in language. The process which links these three elements together is what we call ‘representation’.7

To explain how representation of the meaning through language works the writer can use three approaches of representation:

7

First, reflective approach, it means thought to lie in the object, person, idea, or event in the world and language functions like mirror, to reflect the true meaning as it already exists in the world.

Second, the intentional approach, it means that is the speaker, the author who imposes his or her unique meaning on the world through language. Words mean what the author intends they should mean.

Third, the constructive approach, acknowledges that neither things in themselves nor the individual users of language can fix meaning in language. Things do means: construct meaning, using representational systems-concepts and signs. According to this approach, the writer must not confuse the material world, here things and people exist, and the symbolic practices and processes through which representation, meaning and language operate. Constructivists do not deny the existence of the material world. However, it is not the material world which conveys meanings: it is the language system or whatever system the writer is using to represent her concept. It is social actors who use the conceptual system of their culture and the linguistic and other conceptual systems of their culture and the linguistic and other representational systems to construct meaning, to make the world meaningful and to communicate about that world meaningfully to others.8

There are three approaches relate to the representation; reflective approach, intentional approach and constructionist approach. The writer uses Constructionist Approach which has purpose to construct the meaning of

8

Hall, Stuart. Representation, Cultural Representation, Cultural Representation and Signifying Practice. London: Sage Publication Ltd 1997. p. 25

Vampire in the Twilight novel. Constructionist recognizes public, social character of language. Things don’t mean: we construct meaning, using representational system – concepts and signs. It is social actors who use the conceptual system of their culture and the linguistic and other representational system to construct meaning, to make the world meaningful and to communicate about that world meaningfully to others.9

B. Concept of Character and Characterization B.1 Character

One of the essential elements of drama is character. Character is the primary material from which plots are created through the speech and behavior of dramatic personage. Character is the person told in the story who builds in the story. Character may be described as presented actors or actress as a player of the drama.

William H Gass defines that “characters are those primary substances

to which everything else is attached”.10 Here Gass breaks through the

stereotype that character is not only a person but it can also refer to natural objects, symbols and even idea.

Hubenka/Garcia in the Design of Drama defines “character as the people within the play who enact the dramatic action”.11 It means that characters in drama are the persons presented in works of drama who convey their personal

9

Ibid. p. 25 10

Michael J. Hoffman and Patrick D. Murphy, Essential of the theory of fiction. (Durham and London : Duke Press University, 1988), p.vii.

11

qualities through dialogue and action by which the reader or audience understands their thought, feeling, intentions and motives. The personal qualities here may either be physical and superficial (external) or psychological and spiritual (internal). Characters can possess both types of these personal qualities. They are:

a. External Characteristics which consist of names, physical appearance,

physical nature, manner of speech and accent, manner of dress, social status, class, education, friends, community interest.

b. Internal Characteristics which consist of thoughts, feelings, and

emotions. To perform those characteristics whether external or internal, the writer of the play usually performs the character in the different ways. Character in drama can be major or minor, protagonist or antagonist, flat or round, and static or dynamic.12

1. Major and Minor Characters

Major or central or main character is a character that holds and important role, very dominant and always appears in each conflict. On the contrary, the character which appears only few times and takes the shorts portion is called minor or subordinate character. 2. Protagonist and Antagonist characters

Protagonist is the first actor or the main character of the drama, the one who is center of action and holds the attention even though he does not appear throughout the play, as James Potter does

12

in his Elements of Literature that “even if does not always actively initiate the events, the protagonist is always the focal point of the story”.13 While antagonist Character is character who always causes problems for the protagonist’s opposing force.

The antagonist does not need be a person; it can be animal, a superstition, a misconception, fate or any abstraction or force placed in dramatic conflict with protagonist. Similarly the protagonist does not need be a hero or even heroic. There are not admirable things about him, since the concern is with object of attention, not its morality.

3. Flat and Round Characters

As E.M Foster points out in his book Aspect of the novel “flat or type or two dimensional character is constructed around single idea or quality, it never surprises”.14 It means flat character is defined by a single quality without much individualizing detail from the character. When flat character is performed in a play, the character is denied to grow and change.

While round character is a complex individual incapable o being easily defined because round character’s physical, emotional, and intellectual dimension change. When a play is performed by round character, the character must change, both central and subordinate actors are necessary.

13

Ibid. 14

4. Static and Dynamic characters

Static character is character who remain sable in his attitude throughout a work. While dynamic character undergoes personal development and change through a gradual process or a crisis.

The concept of the character in drama is more familiar than the other intrinsic elements and it is more interesting for many people. Character is rather easily discernible and it engages a natural

interest in personalities.15 But because most of dramas do not

include the narrators who present the background, instead, the character in drama can be learned by the reader through the character’s words, actions, and comments by others about them and the playwright stage directions. For example from the character’s words, the readers learn about the emotions, attitudes, hopes, fears, strengths and weakness through the monologue, dialogue and soliloquy.16 And the character’s words can convey important information to drama’s action and to development of its theme.

B.2 Characterization

Beside character, another element which is very important in drama is characterization. Character and characterization are different. If the character is the person in the story, characterization is the way in which a character is created. In other word “characterization is the process by which the writer 15

Robert C. Roby and Bary Ulanov, Introduction to Drama ( New York : Book Company inc, 1962), p.xii.

16

Monologue is an extended speech by one character, dialogue is an exchange of words between to characters and soliloquy is a speech that reveals the character’s thoughts and is delivered while a character is alone on the stage. (Ibid. p.152)

reveals the personality of a character”.17 It means characterization refers to the way in which the author and the actors establish character, through particular features of dialogue, action, gesture (manual, facial or both) and so on.

Two methods of characterization often distinguished are those in which the author shows without comment a character’s words and action, implying rather that describing their traits and its called indirectly or implicitly characterization. The other one is directly or explicitly characterization, in directly characterization, the author tells the reader directly about the character explicitly, even intrusively guiding the audience’s understanding of characters through commentary and evaluation.

Briefly, the reader or audiences know about the characterization through two ways are direct and indirect method. Direct method tells to the audiences or the readers what the personality of the character is. While indirect method shows the things that reveal the personality of a character.

C. Concept of Ideology

First of all, ideology can refer to systematic body of ideas articulated by a particular group of people. For example, we could speak of ‘professional ideology’ to refer to the ideas which inform the practices of particular professional groups. We could also speak of the ‘ideology of the labor party’. Here we would be referring to the collection of political, economic and social ideas, which inform the aspirations, and activities of the party.

17

A second definition suggests a certain masking, distortion, concealment. Ideology is used here to indicate how some cultural texts and practices present distorted images of reality. They produce what is called ‘false consciousnesses’. Such distortions, it is argued, work in the interest of the powerful against the interest of the powerless. Using this definition, we might speak of capitalist ideology.

A third definition of ideology (closely related to and in some ways dependent on, the second edition) uses the term to refer to ‘ideological forms.’ This usage is intended to draw attention to the way in which texts (television fiction, pop song, novels, feature films, etc.) always present a particular image of the world. This definition depends on a notion of society as conflict rather than consensual. Texts are said to take sides, consciously or unconsciously, in this conflict. The German playwright Bertolt Brecht summarizes the point: Good or bad, a play always include an image of the world….There is no play and no theatrical performance which does not in some way affect the disposition and conceptions of the audience.

A fourth definition is one that was very influential in the 1970s and early 1980s. It is definition of ideology developed by the French Marxist philosopher Louise Althusser. Ideology is encountered in the practices of every day life and not simply in certain ideas about everyday life.

A fifth definition of ideology is one associated with the early work of the French cultural theorist Roland Barthes. He argues that ideology operates mainly at the level of connotations, the secondary often unconscious

meanings that texts and practices carry, or can be made to carry. Ideology (or ‘myth’ as Barthes himself calls it) is the terrain on which takes places a hegemonic struggle to restrict connotations, to fix particular connotations, to produce new connotations.18

Here the writer uses the third definitions of ideology because Stephenie Meyer when represent Vampire is intended to draw attention to the way in which texts (television fiction, pop songs, novels, feature films, etc) made the positive image to represented the vampire.

D. Concept of Humanity

Humanistic Psychology is so named due to its core belief in the basic goodness present in and respect for humanity. Its core is founded upon existential psychology, or the realization and understanding of one's existence and social responsibility. The two psychologists, Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow initiated the movement with this new perspective on understanding people's personality and improving their overall life satisfaction.

When war broke out in the 1960s, the world felt compelled to better

understand the nature of humanity. Humanistic theory provides an

understandable mechanism for examining an individual's need for conflict in order to create peace. This simplistic theory has become a favorite and popular topic throughout self-help literature. Additionally, the struggle for

18

mankind to gain greater understanding and meaning for life and existence is a timeless cornerstone conflict in entertainment and literature.

The premise behind humanistic psychology is simple. So simple, in fact, that naysayer believes it to be excessively simple. Humanists adhere to these beliefs:

1. The present is the most significant aspect of someone. As results

humanists emphasize the here and now instead of examining the past or attempting to predict the future.

2. To be mentally healthy, individuals must take personal responsibility for their actions, regardless if those actions are positive or negative.

3. Each person, simply by being, is inherently worthy. While any given

action may be negative, these actions do not cancel out their value as a person.

4. The ultimate goal of living is to attain personal growth and

understanding. Through constant improvement and self-understanding can an individual ever be truly happy.

Abraham Maslow provided the best known and mostly widely understood precept in humanistic psychology. Abraham Maslow believed that Watson and the other behaviorists' ideas about control were lacking. He saw human life as more than simply external reinforcement, disputing the assumption that humanity was born without value or direction.

When he was studying psychology, the prevalent ideas were psychoanalysis and behaviorism. These theories were covered by most

courses and a great deal of energy was used for each psychologist to identify the theory aspiring psychologists would subscribe to. Maslow did not follow either of these paths.

He condemned behaviorism, eventually taking the same perspective with Freud's works as well. Even though Maslow accepted the existence of an unconscious being within us, Maslow refuted Freud's idea that the bulk of our being is hidden far from our consciousness. Maslow purported that humanity is aware of motivation and drives on the whole. Without life's obstacles, all of humanity would become healthy psychologically, attaining a deep self-understanding and acceptance of society and the world around them. Maslow reinforced his energy on realizing the positive aspects of mankind, while Freud saw mostly negativity. One might summarize the distinction between humanism and

psychoanalytic thought in this way - psychoanalysis is founded

upon acceptance determinism, or acceptance of aspects of our lives outside of control, while humanistic thought bases itself on the concept of free will.

Maslow's best known contribution to Humanistic psychology is his Hierarchy of Needs. Maslow's Needs Hierarchy is frequently used to sum up the humanistic psychology belief system. The fundamental premise of his hierarchy is that everyone is born with specific needs. If we do not meet those base needs, we are unable to survive and focus upward within the hierarchy. The first stratum consists of physiological needs, or survival

needs. That enable all of them are survival needs to obtain oxygen, sleep, water, and food, all else.

After we meet these needs, we can shift our focus to the next stratum, the need for security and safety. When pursuing safety needs, we attempt to secure safety in others and yearn to create an environment that protects us, keeping us free from harm. Until these goals are met, it is unlikely that someone would consider higher order needs, and their growth is then stifled.

When someone feels safe and secure, we attempt to build

friendships and establish a sense of belonging to a greater whole. Maslow's third level of needs, the social needs of belonging and love, focus on our desire to be belong to a group and have a place in a larger whole. Meeting social needs get us one step closer to the top of the triangle -- the fourth level: esteem needs. Those attempting to fulfill esteem needs channel their

energy on respect from others, self-esteem, self-respect, and gaining

recognition for our accomplishments in life. We push further and further to excel in our careers, to expand our knowledge, and to constantly increase our self-esteem.

The final level in the hierarchy is called the need for self-actualization. According to Maslow, many people may be in this level but very few, if anybody, ever master it. Self-actualization refers to a complete understanding of the self. To be self-actualized means to truly know who you are, where you belong in the greater society, and to feel like you are

accomplishing all that you are meant to be. It means to no longer feel shame or guilt, or even hate, but to accept the world and see human nature as inherently good.19

In the Twilight Saga novels by Stephenie Meyer which revolves

about a romance between a vampire and human. The vampire character was portrayed as a modern vampire. This is clearly illustrated in all members of the Cullens, which are Edward, Alice, Jasper, Rosalie, Emmett, Carlisle and Esme. As a vampire, they represents as a creature who has a good side and act besides their images which we have ever known before, as a devil, horrible creature, need a human blood to survive, and so on.

These groups are represented by certain condition that gives

positive image toward it. The certain condition of the real new image that is used by the novel can be seen in the representation of Edward Cullen, as the member of vampire family, who also becomes the main of character. He is represented as a vampire who has an unbelievably gorgeous appearance, able to interact and socialize well with people, have a human feeling and passion, like love, care, protect, and also they have a good environment with their human friends.

From the description above, it shows the ideology that underlies the vampire figure in this story is the ideology of humanity which is from the beginning has been described and supported by the vampires’ representation itself. This ideology is created because the author wants to

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display the figure of a vampire that has true nature attitude of his/her personalities and also wants to show the humanity side of the vampire.

E. Characteristics of Vampire

A vampire is a mythical or folkloric creature said to subsist on human and/or animal blood often having magical powers and the ability to transform. Usually the vampire is the corpse of a dead person, reanimated or

made undead by one means or another. Some cultures have myths of

non-human vampires, such as demons or animals like bats, dogs, and spiders. Vampires are often described as having a wide variety of additional powers and character traits, extremely variable in different traditions, and are a frequent subject of folklore, cinema, and contemporary fiction.20

Beth Howard states that vampires are mythological creatures, the existence of which science has not yet been able to prove. But there is a large amount of untested evidence directed towards the fact that vampire tendencies are a possibility among humans. And with the recent increase in

awareness through books and movies, vampires like Count Dracula,

Nosferatu, Count Yorga, Spike, Edward Cullens and others have amassed an impressive fan following.

There are certain features that put vampires into a class of their own, one which is quite different from any human being with cannibalistic

20

tendencies. To understand these better here are a few of them explained in detail:

1. “Drink” a human blood

Blood, either human or animal, is a major part of a vampire’s diet. Since drinking human blood would be partially cannibalistic and make it difficult for them to function normally in human society, a small number of them prefer animal blood. They eat little or nothing else, which is what, makes them easy to identify.

2. Resistance to Sunlight

Sunlight has an adverse effect on vampires making their skin burn and kills them, because the UV rays burn up the blood and turn it into an 'acid', where it decomposes the skin and most of the bones, leaving a burnt carcass. As the vampires age, the sun becomes holds less sway over them. This is one of the main reasons most of them prefer to be indoors during the day and become more active at night. They also cannot tolerate high temperatures and tropical climates, and are therefore more likely to populate the cooler parts of the world. However, this is believed to be a largely psychological condition that can be controlled with great willpower. That is why some of the older and more experienced vampires, by mastering their thoughts, are able to roam around safely in the sunlight without feeling its effects. In some instances sunlight, instead of burning up vampire flesh, makes it shimmer, giving it a bewitching radiance. While this does not happen in

all cases, it still makes the vampire stand out in a crowd of humans, making it necessary for him to avoid sunlight.

3. Fangs or Large Canines

All vampires have fangs or large canines, whether you can see them or not. These are very similar to the ones animals have, though much sharper. Their main purpose is to dig deep into human flesh and make precise puncture wounds needed to start the blood flow. In some cases the fangs are retractable like claws and are only displayed when the vampire is in attack mode. Usually this is accompanied by a change in their facial composition making them more animalistic and savage. 4. Breathtaking Beauty

Breathtaking beauty is also another characteristic that is associated with vampires. They have the power to maximize their charm and good looks making them extremely attractive, especially to humans they want to prey on. They are also very well dressed and manage to keep up with the latest fashion even though some of them have lived for over hundreds of years.

5. Immortal

Immortal is something we associate with all vampires but this is not necessarily true. What vampires are vulnerable to is being stabbed in the heart with a stake? If you do this and then cut off their heads before burning their bodies, then you can be sure that you have killed the vampire for good. Unless this is done, the vampire remains immortal,

feels no pain and cannot be injured. But there is some amount of evidence which shows that prolonged contact and attachment to humans does make vampires vulnerable to mortal pain and harm.21

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Beth Howard, http://www.articlesbase.com/art-and-entertainment-articles/how-to-identify-a-vampire-the-characteristics-of-a-creature-of-the-undead

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH FINDINGS

Twilight Saga is a series of novels by Stephenie Meyer which revolves about a romance between a vampire and human. The Tetra logy novels that came from the United States and launched on October 5, 2005, was so enthused by the readers of the novels in Indonesia. Twilight is the first novel series of four novels, namely the New Moon, Eclipse and BreakingDawn. These novels are included in the category of light novels because they only have the number of pages that are not too much, that is 512 Twilight (Hardcover), 544 Twilight (Paper bag) and also a story that is easily understood.

The genre of Twilight novel is for the Young-Adult, Fantasy and

Romantic. The author, Stephenie Meyer, was born in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, December 24, 1973; she was a novelist that started to write stories based on a dream about a girl who falls in love with a vampire. Then she poured it into tetra logy novels Twilight saga. So indeed, the stories in this novel are a fictional story written by the author. And the entire content of the Twilight series is told through the point of view of Bella Swan, the main character.

A. The Characteristic of Vampires Representation in Twilight Novel

Edward Cullen, one of the Cullens family children, who became a modern vampire that portrayed by the authors is the main character in this novel. In this novel, there are also several other members of the Cullen family, Emmett, Rosalie, Jasper, Alice, and their adoptive parents, Carlisle and Renesmee. Although they are not blood relatives, but they are have very similar face, four brothers with good look and extraordinary beauty, pale, cold skin, perfect white teeth hide the razor-sharp fangs of poisonous, stylish, has an unmatched elegance, mystery and wonderful they are able to interact and socialize well with people, and far from the depiction of a conventional vampire figures.

In the Twilight Saga novel by Stephenie Meyer, the vampire

character was portrayed as a modern vampire different from what we knew before. This is clearly illustrated in all members of the Cullens, which are Edward, Alice, Jasper, Rosalie, Emmett, Carlisle and Esme. Here are some brief representation of vampire figures in Twilight, and also some reasons why the Vampires in this novel are different than the vampire we knew in the past. From the novel, the writer tries to describe some characteristics of modern vampire as follows:

1. Ability to Interact and Socialize With Human

The children of the Cullen family go to school at Forks High School, a good school in the area. That's where the main character a

vampire, Edward Cullen met Bella, an ordinary girl that eventually became his partner.

Edward : “Get started,” he commanded.

“Ladies first, partner?” Edward asked.

I looked up to see him smiling a crooked smile so beautiful that I could only stare at him like an idiot. Edward : “Or I could start, if you wish.”

The smile faded; he was obviously wondering if I was mentally competent.

Bella : “No,” I said, flushing. “I’ll go ahead.”

I was showing off, just a little. I’d already done this lab, and I knew what I was looking for. It should be easy. I snapped the first slide into place under the microscope and adjusted it quickly to the 40X objective. I studied the slide briefly.

Bella : My assessment was confident. “Prophase.”

Edward : “Do you mind if I look?”

He asked as I began to remove the slide. His hand caught mine, to stop me, as he asked. His fingers were ice-cold, like he’d been holding them in a snowdrift before class. But that wasn’t why I jerked my hand away so quickly. When he touched me, it stung my hand as if an electric current had passed through us. Edward : “I’m sorry,” he muttered, pulling his hand back

immediately.

However, he continued to reach for the microscope. Bella : I watched him, still staggered, as he examined the slide

for an event shorter time than I had. (Twilight, P.45) This was a conversation between Edward Cullen and Isabella Swan, when they were in the same biology class. Edward and Bella became partners while working on group tasks. This dialogue indicates that Edward is able to interact with human being. He always begins the conversation with Bella by decent words, like “Or I could start, if you wish”, “Do you mind if I look?”, and so on, that shows Edward expresses his good manner, which fascinateBella.

In this dialog, Edward is a vampire who can interact with a human being, Bella, and performs a good job with his group. The use of expression or phrases that show politeness creates an impression that Edward is a well-mannered man which not only makes him able to communicate with Bella but also fascinates her.

Besides being described as a polite person, Edward is also described as a sensitive person.

Edward : “Why did you come here, then?”

No one had asked me that – not straight out like he did, demanding.

Bella : “It’s...complicated.”

Edward : “I think I can keep up,” he pressed.

I paused for a long moment, and then made the mistake of meeting his gaze. His dark gold eyes confused me, and I answered without thinking.

Bella : “My mother got remarried,” I said.

Edward : “That doesn’t sound so complex,” he disagreed, but he was suddenly sympathetic. “When did that happen?”

Bella : “Last September.” My voiced sounded sad, even to me.

(Twilight, p.48)

This conversation happens while they were in a biology class and

become a partner for group work. At that moment, Bella is a new student at school, who doesn’t knowmany friends.

First, Bella did not think she can be close with Edward, because he was loved by women in his school. But during biology class, and they both

become a team, Bell’s point of view changed. Edward who was known as

a quiet person, cold and tends to be arrogant toward women by his schoolmates turned out to be a sympathetic person.

In the conversation it is obvious that Edward wants to start interacting with a human being by asking about how Bella can get to the city of Forks. The figure of Edward as a vampire in this story is not scary so that Bella can accept him. Even though the answer is quite simple, but Bella also want to start a good interaction with Edward. When Edward asked why Bella could get to the city Forks, Bella answered shortly, "It's complicated ...", but Edward’s faith to keep secrets and also how he "forced" Bella to tell the story, Bella finally willing to say honestly why she got in that small town.

Although Cullens Family has a limited environment, in a sense they can not really live and socialize with other human beings in general, because they also have to maintain their existence as the "cold blooded", but they had an opportunity to interact directly with humans. Their human friends in the Forks High School can accept them with good presence. They learn as usual and no one knows their true identity. And no doubt, the vampires who are in this Twilight novel, does have a strong ability to interact with humans.

2. They areResistance to Sunlight

Vampires in the Twilight novel are hard to destroy, as they want or are not harmed in any way deterred by the sun, holy water, running water, garlic, stakes, or crosses. When Edward was in the sun, his skin looked slightly flushed look shiny, glowing, as if thousands of tiny

diamonds embedded below the surface of his skin. Edward, as the central figure of a vampire was described bright and shiny handsome when he is under the sun.

Bella : “Don’t laugh – but how can you come out during the

daytime?”

Edward : He laughed anyway. “Myth” “Burned by the sun?”

“Myth”

“Sleeping in coffins?”

“Myth.” He hesitated for a moment, and a peculiar tone entered his voice.

Bella : “I can’t sleep.” (Twilight, p.185-186).

This was a conversation between Edward and Bella, where Edward tried to explain to Bella that vampires burnt when exposed to sunlight and sleep in a coffin, it's just a myth. Bella tried to understand and believe the explanation by Edward although it was not easy for ordinary people to believe it.

Edward : “Well, you asked if the sun hurt me, and it doesn’t. But I can’t go out in the sunlight – at least, not where anyone can see.”

Bella : “Why?”

Edward : “I’ll show you sometime,” he promised.

I thought about it for a moment. (Twilight, p.189)

Edward explained to Bella if that sunlight could not hurt him, not even burn him, he was immune to sunlight, unlike other vampire myths. But although he was "immune" to the sun, still he could not go out and reveal himself when he was exposed to direct sunlight. Of course this made Bella confused, why he could not reveal himself in front of

everybody as the sun shone directly, but Edward promised he would one day showed Bella why he could not do it.

Of course this is different from the conventional vampire figures, that the sun is vampire’s greatest enemy. Sunlight can burn their skins, so it would not be strange if there is a myth said that vampires always go out at night. In the daytime, when the blazing sun, they prefer to "rest" in a coffin, or at least not in a room exposed to sunlight.

3. The Vegetarian Vampire

The Cullen family can be said to be the only vampire family are "vegetarian" and had managed to blend in human life. Edward and other family members were very unique, they were adopted by Dr. Carlisle Cullen and his wife, which of course a vampire. Edward had adopted brothers and sisters they are Alice, Jesper, Rosalie and Emmet. What became the main differentiator with other vampire clans that the Cullen families are "vegetarian", or they are not to suck fresh human blood. They make themselves as "vegetarian" because they did not want to be a blood-sucking monster; they are more like to be known as a good vampire’s family. Although Edward admitted, with only sucking the blood of animals, can not satisfy their "hunger", but able to make them survive.

Bella : “Tell me why you hunt animals instead of people,” I

suggested, my voice still tinged with desperation. I realized my eyes were wet, and I fought against the grief that was trying to overpower me.

Edward : “I don’t want to be a monster.” His voice was very low. Bella : “But animals aren’t enough?”

Edward : He paused. “ I can’t be sure, of course, but I’d compare it to living on tofu and soy milk; we call ourselves vegetarians, our little inside joke. It doesn’t completely satiate the hunger – or rather thirst. But it keeps us strong enough to resist. Most of the time.” His tone turned ominous. “Sometimes it’s more difficult than others.” (Twilight, p. 187-188).

Moreover, we can read the use of word “monster” that Edward intentionally emphasizes: “I don’t want to be a monster” The using of “monster” means that Edward wants to describe that he and his family are so different with the other conventional vampire in the past. Edward tries to explain that they show seems like a normal human being, who has a different interest with other conventional vampire. They prefer like to “drink” an animal blood than human blood because they want to be a good vampire.

The Cullen family has been the first 'fast' to suck human blood, because they want to be a good vampire who can be useful for humans. This family has a habit to prey on wild animals instead of human blood, and their favorite targets are bears and mountain lions. The members of Cullen family, individually or in groups often enter the jungle which allegedly not known to be exist by humans to hunt wild animals that will be their meal.

Bella : “Why did you go to that Goat Rocks place last

weekend...to hunt? “Bears?” I gasped, and he smirked Edward : “You know, bears are not in season,” I added sternly, to

hide my shock. “If you read carefully, the laws only cover hunting with weapons,” he informed me.

Edward : “Grizzly is Emmett’s favorite.” His voice was still offhand, but his eyes were scrutinizing my reaction. I tried to pull myself together.

Bella : “Hmmm,” I said, taking another bite of pizza as an

excuse to look down. I chewed slowly, and then took a long drink of Coke without looking up.

“So,” I said after a moment, finally meeting his now anxious gaze. “What’s your favorite?”

He raised an eyebrow and the corners of his mouth turned down in disapproval. “Mountain lion.” (Twilight, p. 214-215).

Edward and all the members of Cullen’s family never “drink” a human blood, because they want to be a good vampire, who can be a human best friend. Edward and all his family go to the Goat Rocks to hunt their “food”. They prefer like a wild animal in the jungle than they must to hunt a human. They have a different interest of the animal, like Grizzly is Emmett’s favorite, while Edward likes Mountain lion.

While Carlisle (also known as Stregoni Benefici) is the husband of Esme and also the adoptive father of Edward, Rosalie, Emmett, Alice, and Jasper, the head of the Cullen family was living as a doctor in the emergency unit of a hospital in Forks. First appeared in Twilight with his physical appearance is like a 23-years-old man. Carlisle is described as a model, he has blond hair, has around 187 cm tall, and slender, but stout. Carlisle had an opinion that if humans turned into vampires, they'll get some power associated with their past. He believed that he brought a sense of pity from his past. Carlisle has been studied for centuries to establish his medical knowledge; therefore he became a great doctor and was well known in Forks. Unlike most vampires, Carlisle was not tempted by the

smell of human blood, due to his training over 300 years, resisted the temptation. Where every day he's dealing and handling of blood, but the 'experience' taught him not to repeat the dark history of the vampire that seems have been outlined to always 'go crazy and passionate' when they see fresh blood which they did not have in their body. Although every day Carlisle sipping 'smell of food', but he was like the saints who fasted and always able to restrain his desire.

4. Having Special Abilities

All vampires in this story possessed superhuman strength, speed, agility and immunity. Their senses are incredibly great. They can move, jump, Climb, and run incredibly fast, running is described as being second nature. This probably inherited by their ability as a human before becoming a vampire, and becomes obvious when they started their lives as a vampire. Edward (birth name: Edward Anthony Masen) was born on June 20, 1901 in the city of Chicago, Illinois and then trapped in the body of the eternal boy aged 17 years. When he was dying from the Spanish flu epidemic in 1918, he was changed into a vampire by Dr. Carlisle Cullen after Edward's mother, Elizabeth, begged him to save Edward.

Edward has a very strong physically, has the ability to jump, run, moving from one place to another with high speed and also has a talent to read other people's thoughts, but he was not able to read Bella's mind, he also holds the status as the fastest among all members of the family.

Bella : “Are you like a bear too?” I asked in a low voice.

Edward : “More like the lion, or so they tell me,” he said lightly. (Twlight, p. 216)

Edward uses a “lion” to represent himself, who has a very strong physically, has the ability to jump and run. His appearance is so tough and brave can describe like a lion. This description is also different with the other vampire that we ever know before. The conventional vampire only move slow by jump, they can not to run fast. Jump and run are the perfect ability, which only Edward’s fortune.

Another case, when Edward left the house with Bella, usually he uses his ability to make it easier. It also meant that they were unseen by human. Edward asks Bella to go up to his back, then swiftly he leaped through the window of Bella’s room and jumped swiftly from one tree to another.

And the last is, Emmet, he has strong physical appearance like a lion. He was superior in the physical side. He is tall, sturdy and strong vampire which made him look very tough.

Of course this is very different from the habits and the depiction of a vampire as we know it before, because the vampires in this novel do have a variety of unique abilities and far from scary figure.

5. Not Scary and has a Remarkable Charm

Edward Cullen is described of having pale, cold skin, perfect white teeth hide the razor-sharp fangs of poisonous, his half-smile can make anyone’s heart pounding, topaz-colored eyes and a mixture of style and behavior between men and a thinkers of the classic century he was introverted teenage boy too.

A handsome Vampire aged 110-years-old but look like aged 17. He has curly black hair, the color of his eyes that can change: from green to gold, a melancholy man who rarely smiles and he was very frustrated with the fact that he is the blood thirst exploiters and the woman he loved was the dispersal of pheromones that smelled very ‘tempting’, and create his vampire's thirst of a red liquid that flows in the blood vessels.

In various occasions, either at school or even in public places, their physical charm that makes anyone who sees them will immediately fell in love. The Cullen family, a vampire family in this story, is portrayed so beautiful and handsome. Unlike the depiction of vampires we knew, the figure of the living dead with cold, stiff and very creepy.

Jessica : “Oh well. He is unbelievably gorgeous.” Jessica shrugged as if this excused any flaws. Which, in her book, it probably did.

Bella : “There’s a lot more to him than that.” Jessica : “Really? Like what?”

I wished I had let it go. Almost as much as I was hoping he’d been kidding about listening in.

Bella : “I can’t explain it right...but he’s even more unbelievable behind the face.” The vampire who wanted to be good. – who ran around saving people’s lives so he wouldn’t be a monster...I stared toward the front of the room. (Twilight, p.204)

Bella realizes that Edward really wants to be a good vampire. He did many things to prove his aim by saving people and care with the other. At school, they did look a little different because they had beautiful and handsome faces, skins so white like pearls, having pale, cold and white skin; perfect white teeth hide the razor-sharp fangs of poisonous. Especially Edward Cullen, the main characters in this novel, who became a modern vampire, he also has curly black hair, topaz-colored eyes, which can change: from green to gold, his half-smile can make anyone’s heart pounding, which can makes his girl friends admires him. The entire student in Forks High School knew that the Cullen’s family is a wealthy family who live in small town. Their styles were so cool and trendy that makes them have the charm of a modern young man.

6. Stylish and Care to their Appearance

Not only the physical charm, but they also had vehicles that was so typical and reflects their personalities. Carlisle had a car, a Mercedes S55 AMG Black, these reflect him, elegant, dignified, and modern, slim but strong. Edward drove Aston Martin Vanquish for his personal vehicle, very similar to his personality beautiful, classic, mysterious and fast.

On the other side, there was Alice Cullen who had a yellow Porsche 911 Turbo. The color of her cars reflects her personality a cheerful, friendly and always optimistic. Porsche is known very energetic and fast with small size, just like the size of her body which was not too big. This clearly reflects Alice as a tough woman who is fast, energetic and so excited despite its small size. Another vehicle is quite describing the personality of the owner; it was Emmett's Wrangler Jeep. Wrangler was chosen because it was suitable with Emmet personality. Wrangler was large, same as the physical of Emmet’s muscular and athletic body. The Jeep also has a powerful engine and tough in every condition. This is clearly very similar to the style of Emmet’s cruel and wild fights and his personality that is “strong and disobey." Those are some relations between the vehicle and its owner, this can also be the fact that the vampires were portrayed in this novel were very "modern" vampire, because they had great attention to their appearances, they were also clever in choosing their vehicles that reflects their personality. This of course is can be connected with the human desire who always wanted to look great at all times.

The Cullen’s family is a wealthy family who live in small town. Their styles were so cool, stylish and trendy that makes them have the

charm of a modern young man. Especially for several other members of

the Cullen family, Emmett, Rosalie, Jasper, Alice and Edward, they are five young teenagers who have a great appearance. Emmett, Jasper and Edward wear their jeans and T-shirt when they go to their school, they

style just like a human, not as the vampire appearance who always wearing a black robe and horrible. Meanwhile, Rosalie and Alice, two young girls in Cullen family, look so beauty and trendy with their style. Alice reflects her cheerful, friendly and always optimistic personality by wear simple t-shirts and jeans like her brother. Rosalie prefers to wear a dress in her feminine personality.

B. Ideology of Humanity in Twilight

In Twilight novel, it describe about the real new image of vampire. This novel represents about vampires ability to interact and socialize with human, possessingextraordinary capability, good behavior, and appearances.

These groups arerepresented by certain condition that gives positive image toward it. The certain condition of the real new image that is used by the novel can be seen in the representation of Edward Cullen, as the member of vampire family, who also becomes the main of character. He is represented as a vampire who has an unbelievably gorgeous appearance. Edward Cullen is described of having pale, cold and white skin; perfect white teeth hide the razor-sharp fangs of poisonous. He also has curly black hair, topaz-colored eyes, that can change: from green to gold, his half-smile can make anyone’s heart pounding, and a mixture of style and behavior between men and a thinkers of the classic century he was introverted teenage boy too. The use of having pale, cold and white skin to describe his skin not gives a terrifying description of how “cold” his body is. Readers will not only imagine how pale or cold his skin is, but the readers can also imagine how unbelievably

gorgeous he is. This goes the same with the description of his topaz-colored eyes that can change: from green to gold. This description is also strengthened that Edward has a physical appearance like a human.

Besides his physical appearance, He isalso represented as a vampire who has ability to interact and socialize with human, resistance to sunlight, "vegetarian vampire" or he is not to suck fresh human blood, and he also has an unbelievably gorgeous appearance.

At the end of this analysis, it shows a depiction of the ideology that underlies the vampire figure in this story. It was the ideology of humanity which was from the beginning has been described and supported by the vampires’ representation itself. This ideology was created because the author

who wanted to display the figure of a vampire who had their true nature

attitude of their personalities and also wanted to shows the humanity side in them. This ideology is constructed so that the reader would not continue to

imagine the figure of a vampire which we known in the past as cruel and

scary. The author add lots of humanities side of the vampires figure in this story, to supports the story line of the novel, which was not only talking about vampires, but also of life, environment that was narrated in a different way. The nature of "Vegetarian" or "fast" in drinking human blood can be a proof that the vampire in this story has a human side. They're happier to enter a jungle, hunt wild animals like mountain lions and bears to satisfy their thirst, than to look for human prey. This is because the vampires of the Cullen family did want to live peacefully with humans and not be a blood sucking

"monster", as previously known, in the depiction of a vampire figure in the past.

Another thing that was mainly showed in this novel is the vampires in these stories are able to adapt with humans. Unlike what we’ve known before, they more excited to be in their own group and environment, not mingling with human, except only in finding their food. So different with Edward Cullen, the main vampire character in the Twilight series that could blend in, adapt and even directly interact well with humans. Surely this is also a proof that the ideology that tried to be built by Stephenie Meyer, the author of the novel is the ideology of humanity.

Not only that, the "immunity" of all vampires in Twilight by sunlight can also be associated with the ideology of humanity which was built by the authors. If in general, a vampire that we knew were very hostile to the sunlight as it can burnt their skin, unlike Edward Cullen, his body was "immune" to the sun, he only felt the heat, but the sun is unable to burn his body. This of course was almost the same as normal human beings, who did not think sunlight as their enemy.

With the existing evidence, it can be known that the ideology that Stephenie Meyer created is the ideology of humanity. Some attitude or ability that is displayed indicated if a vampire in this series not only has a mean side, but also have a humanitarian side. They use a simple way to describe themselves, more like a human that can interact with others and also have a good attitude to help each other. So that indicates that they are easily

understood, human can understand them because their lives are not much different than human. They want to express their good manner and always trying to be able to interact with human as well because they really want to prove that they are a simple creature, just like human beings.

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion

The novel attempts to represent the new image and the characteristics of modern vampire as something positive, adaptive, interact and able to socialize with human, having good appearance, friendly, "vegetarian", not scary and have remarkable charm. The languages which are so easily to beunderstood in story make vampires become kind and friendly for the readers.

Throughout the Twilight novel, all the members of vampires are

represented by doing something positive like interacting and socializing with human, helping people, adaptable, stylish and so on. The description of vampires is very opposite with the image of vampires in the past who see human being as their food and consider their lives different from human. In the Twilight novel, vampire describes as a creature which has a simple life, more like a human than devil.

The positive descriptions of vampire emerge an ideology that the modern vampire in Twilight novel is having humanity. They have good sides as well as bad side, just like human. They have a human side more specifically besides their evil side. They are good looking, adaptable with human, kindly, friendly, and have a good act in their daily activities. They arerepresented as a

new creature that also has human nature. Not only humanizes vampires,

Stephenie Meyer also romanticizes them by giving great focus on the love relationship between vampire (Edward) and a human being (Bella).

B. Suggestion

Besides the conclusions above, the writer also wants to suggest:

1. To analyze a novel should be based on the facts within; sometimes the

novel’s writer does not directly show her ideology. So, we have to observe more seriously, in order to catch it as good as possible. The role of the approach and theory should match with the analysis, and the novel texts must be understood as good as possible to make easy the writer in the research.

2. For those who want to do a further research of representation and

ideology, they should advance their knowledge, their references and understand well about the related concepts.

Finally, the writer hopes that the result of this study will be useful for future improvement of studying novel, especially in understanding the ideology of the novel’s writer.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Albertine, Minderop, Metode Karakterisasi Telaah Fiksi, (Yayasan Obor Indonesia, Jakarta, 2005).

Farkhan Muhammad, Penulisan Karya Ilmiah. Jakarta: CELLA Jakarta, 2006.

Hall, Stuart. Representation, Cultural Representation, and Signifying Practice.

London: Sage Publication Ltd 1997.

Hubenka/Garcia. The Design of Drama. (New York : David Mckay Company).

Meyer, Stephenie. Twilight. New York. Little, Brownian and Company, 2005. Michael J. Hoffman and Patrick D. Murphy, Essential of the theory of fiction.

(Durham and London : Duke Press University, 1988), p.vii.

Peter Haining. The Vampire Omnibus. Orion mass market paperback, 1995. Richard Gill, Mastring English Literature, (London: Macmillan Master Series, 1995).

Robert C. Roby and Bary Ulanov, Introduction to Drama ( New York : Book Company inc, 1962), p.xii.

Storey, John. Cultural Theory and Popular Culture, (Pearson Education Limited, 2001).

Characterization in Drama www.google.com/characterization in drama/edu/http

http://www.articlesbase.com/art-and-entertainment-articles/how-to-identify-a-vampire-the-characteristics-of-a-creature-of-the-undead http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Am_Legend_

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vampire

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vampire_literature

http://www.articlesbase.com/art-and-entertainment-articles/how-to-identify-a-vampire-the-characteristics-of-a-creature-of-the-undead

http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Novel http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Vampire

gorgeous he is. This goes the same with the description of his topaz-colored eyes that can change: from green to gold. This description is also strengthened that Edward has a physical appearance like a human.

Besides his physical appearance, He is also represented as a vampire who has ability to interact and socialize with human, resistance to sunlight, "vegetarian vampire" or he is not to suck fresh human blood, and he also has an unbelievably gorgeous appearance.

At the end of this analysis, it shows a depiction of the ideology that underlies the vampire figure in this story. It was the ideology of humanity which was from the beginning has been described and supported by the vampires’ representation itself. This ideology was created because the author who wanted to display the figure of a vampire who had their true nature attitude of their personalities and also wanted to shows the humanity side in them. This ideology is constructed so that the reader would not continue to imagine the figure of a vampire which we known in the past as cruel and scary. The author add lots of humanities side of the vampires figure in this story, to supports the story line of the novel, which was not only talking about vampires, but also of life, environment that was narrated in a different way. The nature of "Vegetarian" or "fast" in drinking human blood can be a proof that the vampire in this story has a human side. They're happier to enter a jungle, hunt wild animals like mountain lions and bears to satisfy their thirst, than to look for human prey. This is because the vampires of the Cullen family did want to live peacefully with humans and not be a blood sucking

"monster", as previously known, in the depiction of a vampire figure in the past.

Another thing that was mainly showed in this novel is the vampires in these stories are able to adapt with humans. Unlike what we’ve known before, they more excited to be in their own group and environment, not mingling with human, except only in finding their food. So different with Edward Cullen, the main vampire character in the Twilight series that could blend in, adapt and even directly interact well with humans. Surely this is also a proof that the ideology that tried to be built by Stephenie Meyer, the author of the novel is the ideology of humanity.

Not only that, the "immunity" of all vampires in Twilight by sunlight can also be associated with the ideology of humanity which was built by the authors. If in general, a vampire that we knew were very hostile to the sunlight as it can burnt their skin, unlike Edward Cullen, his body was "immune" to the sun, he only felt the heat, but the sun is unable to burn his body. This of course was almost the same as normal human beings, who did not think sunlight as their enemy.

With the existing evidence, it can be known that the ideology that Stephenie Meyer created is the ideology of humanity. Some attitude or ability that is displayed indicated if a vampire in this series not only has a mean side, but also have a humanitarian side. They use a simple way to describe themselves, more like a human that can interact with others and also have a good attitude to help each other. So that indicates that they are easily

understood, human can understand them because their lives are not much different than human. They want to express their good manner and always trying to be able to interact with human as well because they really want to prove that they are a simple creature, just like human beings.

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion

The novel attempts to represent the new image and the characteristics of modern vampire as something positive, adaptive, interact and able to socialize with human, having good appearance, friendly, "vegetarian", not scary and have remarkable charm. The languages which are so easily to be understood in story make vampires become kind and friendly for the readers.

Throughout the Twilight novel, all the members of vampires are represented by doing something positive like interacting and socializing with human, helping people, adaptable, stylish and so on. The description of vampires is very opposite with the image of vampires in the past who see human being as their food and consider their lives different from human. In the Twilight novel, vampire describes as a creature which has a simple life, more like a human than devil.

The positive descriptions of vampire emerge an ideology that the modern vampire in Twilight novel is having humanity. They have good sides as well as bad side, just like human. They have a human side more specifically besides their evil side. They are good looking, adaptable with human, kindly, friendly, and have a good act in their daily activities. They are represented as a new creature that also has human nature. Not only humanizes vampires,

Stephenie Meyer also romanticizes them by giving great focus on the love relationship between vampire (Edward) and a human being (Bella).

B. Suggestion

Besides the conclusions above, the writer also wants to suggest:

1. To analyze a novel should be based on the facts within; sometimes the novel’s writer does not directly show her ideology. So, we have to observe more seriously, in order to catch it as good as possible. The role of the approach and theory should match with the analysis, and the novel texts must be understood as good as possible to make easy the writer in the research.

2. For those who want to do a further research of representation and ideology, they should advance their knowledge, their references and understand well about the related concepts.

Finally, the writer hopes that the result of this study will be useful for future improvement of studying novel, especially in understanding the ideology of the novel’s writer.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Albertine, Minderop, Metode Karakterisasi Telaah Fiksi, (Yayasan Obor Indonesia, Jakarta, 2005).

Farkhan Muhammad, Penulisan Karya Ilmiah. Jakarta: CELLA Jakarta, 2006. Hall, Stuart. Representation, Cultural Representation, and Signifying Practice.

London: Sage Publication Ltd 1997.

Hubenka/Garcia. The Design of Drama. (New York : David Mckay Company). Meyer, Stephenie. Twilight. New York. Little, Brownian and Company, 2005. Michael J. Hoffman and Patrick D. Murphy, Essential of the theory of fiction.

(Durham and London : Duke Press University, 1988), p.vii.

Peter Haining. The Vampire Omnibus. Orion mass market paperback, 1995. Richard Gill, Mastring English Literature, (London: Macmillan Master Series, 1995).

Robert C. Roby and Bary Ulanov, Introduction to Drama ( New York : Book Company inc, 1962), p.xii.

Storey, John. Cultural Theory and Popular Culture, (Pearson Education Limited, 2001).

Characterization in Drama www.google.com/characterization in drama/edu/http

http://www.articlesbase.com/art-and-entertainment-articles/how-to-identify-a-vampire-the-characteristics-of-a-creature-of-the-undead http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Am_Legend_

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vampire

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vampire_literature

http://www.articlesbase.com/art-and-entertainment-articles/how-to-identify-a-vampire-the-characteristics-of-a-creature-of-the-undead

http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Novel http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Vampire