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By analyzing how vampire is represented in the novel, it reveals the ideology of the book represent such description.
B. Focus of the Study
In accordance with background above, this research will be concentrated on how vampire represented in Twilight novel the works of
Stephenie Meyer is depicted and whether ideology that constitute representation of vampire is referred as by using theory of representation. Data
Source which to use in research this is the novel Twilight the works of Stephenie Meyer.
C. Research Questions
In this study, the research questions which are proposed are: 1. What characteristics are showed by vampire’s representation in Twilight
novel? 2.
What ideology that is purposed by the writer of this novel?
D. Significance of the Study
The writer hopes that this research can develop our acknowledgement in literature, especially to many other references using
representation theory approach on literary works. So that it will be more variation, especially in the ideology criticism.
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E. Research Methodology 1.
The Objections of the Research
a. Understanding the characteristic of the representation of Vampires in
Twilight Novel.
b.
Describing the ideology which is purposed by the writer of this novel
2. The Method of the Research
The method which is used in this research is qualitative method; the result of this research will be described in analytical description. Meanwhile, this
research will be attached with theories of representation by Stuart Hall. In this study, the writer will describe some characteristics and find out the
ideology that purposed by the writer of this novel.
3. The Data Analysis Technique
In this research, the writer uses descriptive analysis technique which is supported by a theory of representation based on critical literary.
4. Instrument of Research
In this research, the researcher herself is the subject of the study who collects the data from Twilight novel by Stephenie Meyer that published in
2005 by Little, Brownian and Company, New York.
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5. The Unit of Analysis
Unit of analysis in this research is the content of Twilight novel by Stephenie Meyer. Twilight novel published in 2005 by Little, Brownian
and Company, New York.
5. Place and Time of Research
The research begins in 2010 at English Letters Department, Adab dan
Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. The Concept of representation
The concept of Representation has come to occupy a new and important place in the study of culture. Representation means using language
to say something meaningfully about, or to represent the world meaningfully, to other people. Representation is an essential part of the process by which
meaning is produced and exchanged between members and culture. It does involve the use language of signs and images, which stand for or represent
things. The word ‘represent’ have three possible meanings:
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1. To represent meaning to stand in for, as in the case of singing a
nation’s anthem in the Olympiad 2008 where every nation’s anthem will be sung to indicate that country is in participated.
2. To represent meaning to speak or act on behalf of. A person who
represents a group in this sense may also serve a symbolic function. An example might Soekarno – Hatta, who speak and act
on behalf of the Indonesia community. 3.
To ‘represent’ meaning to re-present. In this sense, an artist can re- present a society in a novel, film and drama.
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Hall, Stuart. Representation, Cultural Representation, Cultural Representation and Signifying Practice. London: Sage Publication Ltd 1997. P. 57
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The writer uses the last definition ‘represent’ which meaning is presented again. There are to systems of representation, involved.
First, there is a ‘system’ by which all sorts of objects people and events are correlated with a set of concepts or mental representations, which
the author carry around in the reader’s minds. Without them, we could not interpret the world meaningfully at all. In the first place, then, meaning
depends on the system of concepts and images formed in our thoughts which can stand for or ‘represents’ the world, enabling us to refer to things both
inside and outside our heads. The example is simple enough to see how the author might from concepts for thing we can perceive-people or material
objects like chairs, tables, and desks. But we also form concepts of rather obscure and abstract things, which we can not see in any simple way, feel, or
touch. Think, for example of our concepts of war, or death, friendship or love. The second system of representation is language involved in the
overall process of constructing meaning. Our shared conceptual map must be translated into a common language, so that the reader can correlate the
author’s concepts and ideas with certain written words, spoken sounds or visual images. The general term the author use for words, sound images
which carry meaning is signs. These signs stand for or represent the concept and the conceptual relations between them which the author carries around in
the reader’s minds and together they make up the meaning system of the reader’s culture.
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This is a ‘system of representation’, because it consists, not of individual concepts, but of different ways of organizing, clustering, arranging
and classifying concepts, and of establishing complex relation between them. Meanings depend on the relationship between things in the world-
people, objects and events, real or fictional-and the conceptual system, which can operate as mental representation of them.
Any sound, word, image, or object which functions as a sign, and is organized with other signs into a system which is capable of carrying and
expressing meaning is, from the point of view, a ‘language’. At the heart of meaning process in culture, then, are two related
‘system of representation’. The first enables us to give meaning to the world by constructing a set of correspondences or a chain of equivalences between
things – people, objects, events, abstract ideas, etc – and our system of concepts, our conceptual maps. The second depend on constructing a set of
correspondences between our conceptual and a set of signs, arranged or organized into various languages which stand for or represent those concepts.
The relation between ‘things’, concepts, and signs lies at the heart of the production of meaning in language. The process which links these three
elements together is what we call ‘representation’.
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To explain how representation of the meaning through language works the writer can use three approaches of representation:
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Ibid. p. 19.
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First, reflective approach, it means thought to lie in the object, person, idea, or event in the world and language functions like mirror, to reflect the
true meaning as it already exists in the world. Second, the intentional approach, it means that is the speaker, the
author who imposes his or her unique meaning on the world through language. Words mean what the author intends they should mean.
Third, the constructive approach, acknowledges that neither things in themselves nor the individual users of language can fix meaning in language.
Things do means: construct meaning, using representational systems-concepts and signs. According to this approach, the writer must not confuse the
material world, here things and people exist, and the symbolic practices and processes through which representation, meaning and language operate.
Constructivists do not deny the existence of the material world. However, it is not the material world which conveys meanings: it is the language system or
whatever system the writer is using to represent her concept. It is social actors who use the conceptual system of their culture and the linguistic and other
conceptual systems of their culture and the linguistic and other representational systems to construct meaning, to make the world meaningful
and to communicate about that world meaningfully to others.
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There are three approaches relate to the representation; reflective approach, intentional approach and constructionist approach. The writer uses
Constructionist Approach which has purpose to construct the meaning of
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Hall, Stuart. Representation, Cultural Representation, Cultural Representation and Signifying Practice
. London: Sage Publication Ltd 1997. p. 25
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Vampire in the Twilight novel. Constructionist recognizes public, social
character of language. Things don’t mean: we construct meaning, using representational system – concepts and signs. It is social actors who use the
conceptual system of their culture and the linguistic and other representational system to construct meaning, to make the world meaningful
and to communicate about that world meaningfully to others.
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B. Concept of Character and Characterization
