From the explanation above, it can be concluded that the grammatical features are could help the readers to understand the story. Through grammatical
structures the readers are helped to identify the specific characters and places, actions or events, and time when the events occurred.
C. Story Mapping
1. The Definition of Story Mapping
Generally, the goal of a reading activity is to get understanding of a text. So, sometimes the students are being taught in a less teacher directed manner. In
this case, once a skill is taught, the students practice it within the current lesson and then use their skill in the becoming lesson. One skill for digging into a story to
examine its part is story mapping. Before going to the definition of story mapping it is better to know the short story of story mapping.
The origin of story maps lies within story grammar research. The term story grammar refers to the hierarchical rules or psychological structures that
people use to create and remember stories the skeleton underlying a story, so to speak. These psychological models of comprehension and memory are used by
both adults and children to encode and store information in their long term memories.
24
Based on that definition, story mapping could help the readers recognize the story in their long-term memories. Through practical way it could help the
readers organize the story content into a coherent whole. The term story mapping consists of two words, they are story and map.
According to Hornby in Oxford Advanced Learner‟s Dictionary “Story is a description of events and people that the writer or speaker has invented in order to
entertain people. ”
25
It means that story is a fiction selection to entertain a reader or as a part for pleasure. Meanwhile, map is defined as
“A drawing to describe or give information about something, especially the way it is arranged or
24
Pamela, op. cit., p. 345.
25
A. S. Hornby, Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, New York:
Oxford University Press, 2003, p. 1333.
organized. ”
26
It means mapping could be defined as a sketch or drawing that shows location or relation between things or place. In other definition, story map
is a graphic or semantic visual representation of a story which illustrates way to provide an overview of a story that includes brief information about characters,
setting, problem, goal, events and resolution.
27
According to explanation above, story mapping can also be referred as word mapping or idea mapping which designed to show how the concept or key
words of a story are related one another. So, through graphic representation could help the readers to identify and categorizing the main events in sequential order of
a story.
2. The Purpose of Story Mapping
According to Harvey and Goudvis in Pamela J. Farris, story mapping has some purposes as follow:
a. Allows readers to create mental images from words in the text
b. Enhances meaning with mental imagery
c. Links past experience to the words and ideas in the text
d. Enables readers to place themselves in the story
e. Strengthens a reader‟s relationship to the text
f. Stimulates the imaginative thinking
g. Heightens engagement with text
h. Brings joy to reading
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In short, the purposes of story mapping are expected to facilitate and help the readers to understand whole parts of story. It is similar to Pamela statement,
she stated that: A practical teaching activity to strengthen reading comprehension
involves teaching or reviewing the literary elements. Focus on the basic elements: Setting, plot, characters, major events, the
resolution or solution of a problem, and an exploration of the theme
or author‟s message.
29
26
Ibid., p. 815.
27
Pamela. loc. cit.
28
Pamela. op. cit., p. 512.
29
Pamela, op. cit., p. 460.
From the purposes mentioned above, it can be concluded that story mapping is aimed to ensure understanding of the review toward literary elements
and to figure out the schematic structure concerning the sequence of action of the story
3. The Technique of Using Story Mapping
