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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
This chapter covers some theories related to the study. The discussion
focuses on the reading, narrative text, and story mapping A.
Reading 1.
The Definition of Reading
Generally, when people read a text, they are not only saying or pronounce the words but also they need to understand the message from the text. In this
sense, Arthur W. Heilman stated that reading is more than mechanical process such as pronouncing word correctly although mechanics are an essential part of
the process but also the recognition of meaning.
1
It means that reading is not only to get the information from the text passively but also a thinking process to
understand the meaning. That statement is in line with Jeremy Harmer who stated that reading is a practice which is dominated by the eyes and the brain.
2
From the definitions above, it shows that reading is a thinking process and more than producing the words. That is why we call that reading is a complex
process. It similar with Arthur W. Heilman who stated that reading is a complicated process because reading need mechanical and comprehension skills,
and those skills are influenced by the reader‟s attitudes, knowledge, and past
experience.
3
Thus, the readers should do that if they want to get the information or the idea from the text. If they do not do that, they will get nothing. It is similar
with Jeremy Harmer that states: Reading is an incredible active occupation. To do it successfully, we
have to understand what the words mean, see the pictures the words are painting, understand the arguments, and work out if we agree
with them. If we do not do these things – and if students do not do
1
Arthur W. Heilman, Principles and Practices of Teahing Reading, Boston: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company 1967 p. 8
2
Jeremy Harmer, The Practice of English language Teaching, New York: Longman, 1983, p. 153-154.
3
Arthur, op. cit., p.3
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