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Considered as an illocutionary act in this case is a request, the act is successful if the hearer recognizes or understands that heshe should close the door.
Meanwhile, as a perlocutionary act, it succeeds only if the hearer actually closes
the door as the action.
2.2.2.2 The Types of Illocutionary Act
As an improvement of the classification of illocutionary acts proposed by Austin, John R. Searle classifies illocutionary acts into five categories cited in
Leech, 1983:105. They are: a.
Assertive In this type of illocutionary acts, assertive is used to represent a state of
affairs. It carries the value true or false. Assertive also commits the speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition, such as asserting, stating, denying, affirming,
reporting, instructing, concluding, predicting, suggesting, or swearing that something is the case. For example:
“This lime is sour”.
b. Directive
Directive is the type of illocutionary acts that the speaker’s purpose is to get the hearer to do something or towards some goal. The paradigmatic cases are
advising, asking, begging, forbidding, ordering, requesting, permitting, warning, urging, and so on. For example:
“Go to my office, now
c. Commisive
Commisive is the type of illocutionary acts that is used by speaker to express the future action. It commits the speaker to do something. Commisive can
be performed by the speaker alone, or by the speaker as a member of group. It expresses what the speaker intends such as agreeing, guaranteeing, inviting,
promising, swearing, and so on. For example: “I promise to go to the party”.
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d. Expressive
Expressive is the type of illocutionary acts that express only the speaker’s psychological attitude toward some state affairs. In other words, expressive states
what the speaker feels. The paradigmatic cases are thanking, apologizing, welcoming, congratulating, praising, greeting, and so on. For example:
“Thank you for the tea”.
e. Declarative
Declarative is a kind of speech acts that change certain circumstances via utterance. The speaker needs a special institutional role, in a specific context in
order to perform a declaration appropriately. The acts of declarative are declaring war, christening, naming, and firing from employment. For example:
“I declare war to America”.
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CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
