Indonesia’s Foreign Policy Nexus

836 Internaional Conference on Social Poliics but also from EU European Union. This organisation usually added the sanction Chang Mihan, 2014: 1. Such as, giving ban for Iran to export and import product from and to EU. Furthermore, it was also ban for Iran air traverse and frozen bank account in EU. Although, Iran got the embargo to press Iranian politics and economics, this sanction could not make Iran gave up to continue their program. Iran thought that their nuclear program is on the right track, as a proof it joins as one of sates signing NPT Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty. This sanction did not make Iran stop the program. It was continued to enrich nuclear ability until 20 . In the history, it is widely known that Iran has problem with Western states, especially after Iran Revolution in 1979. Nuclear program has become complex problems after Ahmadinejad became president of Iran Republic. Iran under Ahmadinejad Era had been progressive to attack Western country; it was not only about nuclear but also about Genocide history in the Europe. Then Western responsibility is very important in Palestine-Israel war. Thus, diplomacy as a key to solve this crisis under Ahmadinejad was unsuccessful. In 2013, Hassan Rouhani replaced Ahmadinejad as Iran President, then negotiation became more lexible. Hassan Rouhani had different perspective to reach the goal about Iran nuclear crisis. Talking Iran nuclear program with Western countries has been a long way to go. On September 2013, US-Iran phone call led the to more talks. Due to this communication, Iran and P5+1 negotiated in Geneva on October 2013. Until Iran and P5+1 agree to join JCPoA Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. FOCUS DEBATING Iran and P5+1 had debated about three points that very crucial to discuss. First is the scope of permissible uranium enrichment on Iranian soil. On one side, Iran want to keep their goal to enrich uranium until 20 , then Iran should minimize through a reduction in the number of centrifuges Adel: 2015. P5+1 believe that the new reactor at Arak can produce plutonium. This is potential to be a basic material to make nuclear devises. Furthermore, the main debate topic was on limit for Iran to enrich their centrifuges. Iran must allow stopping building addition each reactor for a deined period of time Albright, Stricker, Vergantini Houston Wood, 2015: 3. Second, IAEA International Atom Energy Agreement want to be a guide to control Iran program. In the fact, IAEA sometimes refused by Iran government. On Iran’s perspective, IAEA is as a Western representative. Its reports were not match with the fact in the ield. Nevertheless, the main problem is IAEA want to have access anywhere and anytime, including to the military sites those are research, development, and production of nuclear Albright, Stricker, Vergantini Houston Wood, 2015: 10. For this case, Iran as an object of an idea which states Iran is not a sovereign state. Third, Iran sanction will be lifted by United Nations, United States and European Union when Iran commit with this agreement. It will be applicable after three months. In contrast, Iran wants a guarantee, and this sanction must be lifted after agreement signed Cordesman, 2015: 2. This is quite dificult for P5+1, they are aware that Iran will be noncompliance with this commitment. Iran is in a weak position, because all of P5+1 are in same perspective that Iran will make nuclear as weapon and more than nine years, all of member in SC usually agree to give sanction to Iran. In the fact, China and Russia usually do not implement this agenda. On the other hand, Iran is actually in top position. This is because Iran has proven that they still commit to build nuclear program under the sanction. It means Iran still struggle although under sanction. In addition, this negotiation can be only the last alternative from SC, though sanction does not have big impact for internal life of Iran both to the people and the government. Beside of this debating, Iran said based on the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons NPT, encourage all of the members to give a guarantee that their 837 Internaional Conference on Social Poliics program is aimed for peace. The Iran nuclear deal is repetitive as proven for who does not believe that NPT is not messy but it works. Some people think that NPT is only forum for sharing and talking nuclear Cordesman, 2015: 3. There are only four states which did not sign, they were India, Pakistan, Israel and South Sudan, although North Korea withdrew from the treaty in 2003 Kaplow Gibbons, 2015: 2. For Iran this is injustice law, Iran signed NPT but they got terror from SC, though there are several countries do not join NPT can produce nuclear without it. Finally, Iran and P5+1 reach agreement on seven points in JCPoA Kaplow Gibbons, 2015, irst, Iran assented to limit their centrifuges. Iran should refrain from installing additional centrifuges at the Natanz facility. Second, they allowed enriching uranium until 5 and pledged to convert uranium oxide to uranium hexaluoride. Third, Centrifuge only could enrich low-enriched uranium. Forth, Under IAEA safeguards Iran was permitted to continue centrifuges. Fifth, Iran must provide video records off enrichment additional facilities. Sixth, Iran refrained from additional reactor at Arack Reactor. In addition, the last, lran must provide information about their nuclear facilities. This deal will cut off all of Iran’s potential pathways to a bomb. Such as facility in Natanz and Fordow which are blocked. It could be potential to make a nuclear weapon with plutonium. This deal will adopt 90 days after endorsement of JCPoA by the SC. Thus, October 18 2015 JCPoA will be adoption, and all of members of this deal are required to begin making nuclear legal and administrative prepetition to implement JCPoA commitment. Furthermore, the IAEA will check Iran nuclear program and report about Iran commitment under JCPoA. The sanction will reveal if Iran follow the deal. After eight years, transition law will be applied on 18 October 2023. When Iran is obedient under deal, all of sanction economic and inancial sanction will be lifted. SC will take place ten years after adoption day 18 October 2025, the provision under SC will reveal. Finally, the deal is based on veriication, not trust. United Nation has committed to take the actions of implementation day, such as transaction between non-US persons and certain entities, including the Central Bank of Iran and the National Iranian Oil Company NIOC Kaplow Gibbons, 2015. UE under JCPoA will be lifted Iran sanction like, prohibition and authorization regimes on inancial transfers to and from Iran, banking, insurance, inancial, grants, import of oil, gas and petrochemical products from Iran and Shipping and shipbuilding. KEY SUCCES OF IRAN PROGRAM This agreement can be achieved between Iran and P5+1 because the internal and external factors. From the internal factor, Hasan Rouhani became a big inluencer for the deal. Some scholars believe Iran under Rouhani has different perspective to solve Iran nuclear program. As a graduate from Glasgow Caledonian University, he thought to see another way to keep Iran’s interest and to develop the nuclear program. In this step, Rouhani show that Iran under his era wants to change Western perception about Iran. To do this agenda, Rouhani open his arms to make some diplomatic approaches with Western. He wants Iran avoiding bad term in international system like “Great satan” or “Exist of evil”. Although this term is not linking in internal Iran, but is like judgment for Iran holly. After he was been elected, Rouhani called Obama by phone and they talked about Iran-US relationship. Iran under Rouhani era had changed their way to show this part. It changed the approach of this meeting, and agreed moving backwards to push Iran in the top position in this case Tetrais, 2015: 7. When they began the meeting, Iran believed that Western needed to ight Islamic State, Europe needed Iran gas, then Russia and China wanted to help Iran, but these assumptions were wrong. Moreover, Iran under Rouhani had problem with oil. Oil of Iran trading slashed until 50, this was a big problem for Iran economic. The barrel price in 2008 80, but had risen to 136 in 2014, then on February 2015 it was only around 60. Because of this case, Iran want