Defining Cooperative Learning Cooperative Learning

9 of cooperative learning that can be applied by teachers. The techniques are : 1 find a partner, 2 exchange a partner, 3 think in pairs foursome, 4 send greetings and questions, 5 head numbered, 6 heads numbered structured, 7 two lived two guests, 8 around the group, 9 buttons clatter, 10 around the classroom, 11 small circle big circle, 12 bamboo dance, 13 jigsaw, and 14 tells the story in pairs paired storytelling. NHT is a part of cooperative learning techniques with a structural approach. Developed by Kagan 1992. Although it has many similarities with other strategies, structural model emphasizes the special structures designed to affect students interaction patterns. Sugiyanto as cited in Suharsimi 2007 said that it is expected that students work together and help each other in small groups and more on cooperative awards and individual awards. The structural approach consists of some sorts such as: finding a partner, partner swapping, exchanging greetings and questions, storytelling in pairs, two lived two guests, roving groups, clattering studs, etc. From many various examples of structural approach, there are two kinds of well- known structures which are Think-Pair Share TPS and Numbered-Head Together NHT. 10 C. Numbered Head Together NHT Numbered Head Together NHT is one type of cooperative learning ’s techniques that emphasizes the special structure that is designed to influence the pattern of interaction of students and has a goal to improve the academic mastery. This technique which was developed by Kagen, as cited in Ibrahim 2000, is to engage students in reviewing the material covered in the lesson and check their understanding of the lesson content. Students are grouped and each person is given a number from one to the maximum number in each group. The teacher poses a question and students put their heads together with their group to figure out the answer. The teacher calls a specific number to respond as the spokesperson for the group. By having students work together in a group, this strategy ensures that each member knows the answer to problems or questions asked by the teacher. Each member must be prepared with the answer because no one knows which number will be called. In order to have a better understanding about NHT, the details about it could be explained as follow:

1. Important notes in NHT techniques

This technique is excellent for adding individual responsibility in group discussion. The numbering on the students will motivate each student to help and encourage each other in the learning process. Thus, they will prepare themselves with understanding the discussed material by forming an active role in the student learning