Relevant Studies Related to the Study Aim of the Study

5 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK A. Students’ Responses Students’ responses are the activities that the students do in the learning process. Students’ responses are important and will positively impact their performance. We can find many kinds of students’ responses when they are doing the learning process. For example, students are speaking or keeping silent when they are doi ng the learning process. Students’ noise and annoyance to other students could also be classified as the student’s response. The term of response here deals with behaviorattitude of students during the English teaching and learning process. According to McKechnie as cited in Muhammad 2014 response is an act or action of responding as by an answer; a responsive or corresponding act or feeling, or a responding act to a motivating force or situation. Students’ response can be an action of movements that go into some complicated bit of behavior like walking, and closing the door. Borich as cited in Muhammad 2014 that there are two kinds of students ’ responses, the first is desired responses and the second is undesired responses. Those responses are seen from the point of view of the teacher. A desired response can be the response when the teacher “wants” certain activities to be done by the students and the students can fulfill it. Thus the response is desired by the teacher since it can support the teaching and learning process. On the other hand, an undesired response 6 is the response that is not desirable by the teacher since the response can destruct the teaching and learning process or the response is not related to the teaching and learning process. Borich as cited in Muhammad 2014 also states that responses typically are divided in verbal and nonverbal responses. A verbal response is when the students respond the teachers by the students ’ utterance which can be answering or saying something, or when students are answering questions, performing speaking and chatting with friends. Whereas, a non verbal response is when students are paying attention, reading the bookhandout, keeping silent, walking in the room, and disturbing other friends. Borich as cited in Muhammad 2014 also stated that those types of response are also called positive responses and negative responses caused by their influence to the teaching and learning process. A positive response means that the response is desired by the teacher since it can support the teaching and learning process; while a negative response means that the response is not desired by the teacher since the response can destruct the teaching and learning process or the response is not related to the teaching and learning process. However, Yelon as cited in Muhammad 2014 said that a response is not only desirable. If the students do not respond as the way the teacher ‘wants’, they are not indicated by the performance that they have learned. When students do show any response it doesn’t mean that the students did learn; we have no way of knowing whether learning has taken place. So, we need to evokerise students’ responses since