For TeachersLecturers For Students Definition of Terms

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1.4. Scope of the Study

This study gives a descriptive analysis about cohesiveness in college students’ writing. It focuses on describing how the students utilize cohesive devices in writing narrative essays. The writings analyzed are the narrative essays of the students of ‘Remedial Class of Writing 2’ in the English Department of the State University of Semarang.

1.5. Significance of the Study

1.5.1. For TeachersLecturers

The result of this study can hopefully be used as reference for teachers or lecturers in evaluating their students’ writings. Cohesiveness is a means of determining the quality level of students’ writings. Besides, the result of this study is also expected to be a practical description of how college students make use of cohesive devices. Therefore, I hope that the results of this study can be utilized as guidance for lecturers or teachers to help solve students’ writing problems.

1.5.2. For Students

The research findings are expected not only to be the clues for students to make better writings in the future but also to enable them to give good evaluation of any writings they find. Besides, it is expected to be helpful to students in grasping the idea of articles or essays they read. 5

1.5.3. Definition of Terms

Some of the terms used in this thesis are cohesion, cohesive devices, reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction, and lexical cohesion. Based on Halliday and Hasan 1976, 1989 and Celce-Murcia and Olshtain 2000, the definition of above terms are as follows: a. Cohesion Cohesion is relations of meaning that exist within the text, and that define it as a text. b. Cohesive Devices Cohesive devices are some language elements by which cohesion is linguistically realized. c. Reference Reference is the specific nature of the information that is signaled for retrieval. It is a relation on semantic level. d. Substitution Substitution is a relation between linguistic items, such as words or phrases. It is a relation on grammatical level. e. Ellipsis Ellipsis is simply ‘substitution by zero’. In other words, it is ‘something left unsaid’. f. Conjunction Conjunction is a cohesive relation which expresses certain meanings that presupposes the presence of other components in the discourse. 6 g. Lexical Cohesion Lexical cohesion is the cohesive effect achieved by the selection of vocabulary.

1.5.4. the Organization of the Thesis