An Analysis Of Clauses Applied In Online Newspaper Named "THE TELEGRAPH"

AN ANALYSIS OF CLAUSES

APPLIED IN ONLINE

NEWSPAPER NAMED "THE TELEGRAPH"

A THESIS

BY

ILHAM SYAH

REG. NO. 100721015

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN

AN ANALYSIS OF CLAUSES

APPLIED IN ONLINE

NEWSPAPER NAMED "THE TELEGRAPH"

A THESIS BY

ILHAM SYAH REG. NO. 100721015

SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVOSIR

Dr. Hj. DELIANA, M.Hum Drs. BAHAGIA TARIGAN, MA.

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN

Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The

Sarjana Sastra Examination.

Head,

Secretary

Accepted by the board of examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.

The examination is held in Department of English faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on ………..

Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies

Dr. H. SYAHRON LUBIS, MA NIP.19511013 197603 1 001

Board of Examiners

__________________ ______________

___________________ ______________

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I ILHAM SYAH DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIELD FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

Signed :

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

NAME : ILHAM SYAH

TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS OF CLAUSES APPLIED IN

ONLINE NEWSPAPER NAMED "THE

TELEGRAPH"

QUALIFICATION : S – 1 / SARJANA SASTRA

DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRATION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.

Signed :

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to say great of thanks “Alhamdulillah” to the Almighty God; Allah SWT that has blesses me to arrange this thesis. Shalawat and Salam to our Prophet Muhammad SAW who has fought to change human life from the world of sinners to the world of love and kindness. It is his syafaat that helps us at the time when money, sons, daughters, or even parents are no use.

I would like to thank to Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA as the dean of faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara. Also, I like to thank Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS as the head of Department of English, the secretary of Department of English Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum. I want to say thanks also to my supervisor Dr. Hj. Deliana, M.Hum and my co-supervisor Drs. Bahagia Tarigan, MA in arranging this thesis. I would never be able to pay back their patience and caring. Many thanks also to every lecturer and staff for academic contributions they have given to me since the first day I arrived in this college.

For my father; Darwin, and my mother; Aslam, I would like to thank them very greatly. Thank you for your love, your support, your kindness, and thank you for everything you have done for me. I do wish to be able to make you happy and proud of me. In addition, I am very grateful to all of my sisters: Asnidar, Serianni, Marni Syah, Ramlah, Yuli, Nisa, and the one and only my brother Midi for their motivations. A lot of thanks I also say for Yayasan Pendidikan Shafiyyatul Amaliyyah especially Elementary School Department: Mr. Azhar Fauzi (principle), Mr. Ikmal, Mr. Edi, Mr. Yuslihan, Mr. Mahmud, and Mrs. Yulis and Mrs. Nur for giving me support and allowing me to continue and finish my study.

I would also like to thank all my friends: Elin, Friska, Prita, Mail, Melati, Ratna Andre, Ansor, Budi, and others friends whom I could not say one by one. Finally, I would like to acknowledge everyone who has given me useful suggestions and contributions.

The Writer,

Ilham Syah 100721015

ABSTRACT

Klausa merupakan salah satu bagian penting dari struktur kalimat. Dari gabungan beberapa klausa akan terbentuk berbagai jenis kalimat. Sebuah klausa harus memiliki sabjek dan predikat. Dan Klausa itu terbagi kepada dua jenis; klausa bebas dan klausa terikat. Klausa bebas adalah klausa yang bisa berdiri sendiri, artinya maksud dari klausa tersebut dapat dipahami dengan baik. Sedangkan klausa terikat adalah klausa yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri, klausa ini harus selalu disertakan dengan klausa bebas agar bisa dipahami dengan baik. Klausa terikat itu sendiri ada tiga jenis;

Noun clause, Adjective clause, dan Adverb clause. Dan ketiga klausa ini merupakan topik utama dari skripsi ini. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah untuk mencari jenis klausa terikat, jumlah klausa, serta klausa yang paling dominan di Telegraph E – Paper tertanggal 12 Februari 2012. Noun clause adalah klausa terikat yang berbentuk kata benda sehingga bisa berfungsi sebagai sabjek, objek, dan sebagainya. Adjective

clause adalah klausa yang berbentuk kata sifat sehingga fungsinya adalah

menjelaskan kata benda atau kata ganti orang. Dan adverb clause adalah klausa terikat yang memberikan keterangan lebih tentang kata kerja dari klausa bebas. Setelah dianalisa dan diteliti, penulis sampai kepada kesimpulan. Kesimpulannya adalah bahwa ketiga klausa ini ditemukan di Telegraph E – Paper tertanggal 12 Februari 2012. Ada 160 klausa terikat yang ditemukan; 57 merupakan jenis klausa

Noun Clause dengan persentasi 35,6%, Klausa jenis Adjective Clause terdiri dari 45 klausa dengan persentasi 28.1%, dan Adverb clause adalah klausa terikat yang paling dominan dengan jumlah 58 klausa dan persentasinya 36,3%.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Title Page ... i

Supervisor’s Approval Sheet ... ii

Department’s Approval Sheet ... iii

Board of Examiners’ Approval ... iv

Author’s Declaration ... v

Copyright Declaration ... vi

Acknowledgement ... vii

Abstract ... ix

Table of Contents ... x

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ... 1

1.1 Background of Study ... 1

1.2 Problems of Study ... 4

1.3 Purpose of Study ... 4

1.4 Scope of Study ... 4

1.5 Significance of Study ... 5

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 6

2.1 Description of Clause ... 6

2.2 Types of Dependent Clause ... 7

2.2.1 Noun Clause ... 7

2.2.2 Adjective Clause ... 10

2.3 Online Newspaper ... 13

2.3.1 The Telegraph ... 14

CHAPTER III METHOD OF STUDY ... 17

3.1 Method of Collecting the Data ... 17

3.2 Method of Analyzing the Data ... 18

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING ... 19

4.1 Analysis ... 19

4.2 Finding ... 45

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 50

5.1 Conclusion ... 50

5.2 Suggestion ... 51 Reference

ABSTRACT

Klausa merupakan salah satu bagian penting dari struktur kalimat. Dari gabungan beberapa klausa akan terbentuk berbagai jenis kalimat. Sebuah klausa harus memiliki sabjek dan predikat. Dan Klausa itu terbagi kepada dua jenis; klausa bebas dan klausa terikat. Klausa bebas adalah klausa yang bisa berdiri sendiri, artinya maksud dari klausa tersebut dapat dipahami dengan baik. Sedangkan klausa terikat adalah klausa yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri, klausa ini harus selalu disertakan dengan klausa bebas agar bisa dipahami dengan baik. Klausa terikat itu sendiri ada tiga jenis;

Noun clause, Adjective clause, dan Adverb clause. Dan ketiga klausa ini merupakan topik utama dari skripsi ini. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah untuk mencari jenis klausa terikat, jumlah klausa, serta klausa yang paling dominan di Telegraph E – Paper tertanggal 12 Februari 2012. Noun clause adalah klausa terikat yang berbentuk kata benda sehingga bisa berfungsi sebagai sabjek, objek, dan sebagainya. Adjective

clause adalah klausa yang berbentuk kata sifat sehingga fungsinya adalah

menjelaskan kata benda atau kata ganti orang. Dan adverb clause adalah klausa terikat yang memberikan keterangan lebih tentang kata kerja dari klausa bebas. Setelah dianalisa dan diteliti, penulis sampai kepada kesimpulan. Kesimpulannya adalah bahwa ketiga klausa ini ditemukan di Telegraph E – Paper tertanggal 12 Februari 2012. Ada 160 klausa terikat yang ditemukan; 57 merupakan jenis klausa

Noun Clause dengan persentasi 35,6%, Klausa jenis Adjective Clause terdiri dari 45 klausa dengan persentasi 28.1%, dan Adverb clause adalah klausa terikat yang paling dominan dengan jumlah 58 klausa dan persentasinya 36,3%.

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of Study

Clause is an important part of sentence because sentence is combined from some clauses. Therefore, understanding the ways to combine clauses into sentence will be very helpful to write interesting and lively sentences. It means that combining incorrect clauses can make the message of sentence unclear. Moreover, the ability of someone in getting the message of sentences in reading a passage will depend on his understanding to differ the functions of clauses in sentence. So, it is very important to understand clause because it is the ultimate element that makes it possible for anyone to write, read, or speak in English clearly and effectively.

The most natural of sentence structure is called clause or simple sentence. Goran (1976:58) states that a clause is having typically a subject and predicate and possibly complement to these segments. A period such as "sit down!" would also consist of a clause although no segment which could be called a subject is present. While, Langan (2003:100) states that clause is a group of word that has a subject and a verb and must express a complete thought. By analyzing these two definitions, it can be concluded that;

a. A clause must have a subject b. A clause must have a verb

c. A clause must have a complete thought (it has meaning)

McClelland and Marcotte (2003:232) state that there are two types of clause, namely independent clause and dependent clause. An independent clause is complete in itself, whereas dependent clause is necessarily related to an independent clause

and dependent clause always started by a conjunction Downing (1995:11). This means that dependent clause already has a clear meaning and it does not give any question. On the other hand, dependent clause does not have a clear meaning. That makes people submit a question to get more information. Compare these two clauses;

a. Ronaldo failed to convert the penalty shoot out in the Champions League

semifinal last night. The meaning is clear (Ronaldo did not score the penalty shoot). So, this is independent clause.

b. When Ronaldo failed to convert the penalty shoot out in the Champions League last night. The meaning is not clear. It raises another question (What happened when Ronaldo failed to convert the penalty shoot out in the Champions League last night?) So, this is dependent clause.

Independent clause is also called main clause, dependent clause is called subordinate clause. These clauses are often applied in compound sentence, complex sentences, or compound-complex sentence. Compound sentence is a sentence contains of one or more sentences joined into one by punctuation of semicolon, a conjunctive adverb, and a coordinate or subordinate conjunction Frank (1972:01) state that. In a complex sentence, one idea is generally more important than the other one. The more important idea is placed in the independent clause, and the less important idea is placed in the dependent clause. It means complex sentence should consist of at least one independent clause and one dependent clause.

The object of this study is newspaper. Newspaper is media that provides any information for people everyday. So, it is the most readable printed media compared to other kinds of printed information such as books or magazines. In the past, newspaper was only provided in printed version. But, in this 20th century supported

by the advanced technology newspaper is also provided with online version. This thesis uses online newspaper as the main object of this study because:

1. Online newspaper is the most read writing that it could influence people grammatically.

2. It is found that there have been many studies which used printed newspaper as the object of study.

3. Online newspaper is very easy to access; you can easily access it when you are at home, lying at your bed, waiting for your bus, or just spending your time.

4. Because it is easy to access, people are more interested to read online newspaper than printed newspaper now days.

The Telegraph is one of kind of newspaper which has online version. And The Telegraph of football articles issued on 12th February 2012 are chosen as the source of data for this thesis because of these reasons;

1. The articles of The Telegraph are very interesting to read because the mixture of independent clause and dependent clause used are very good.

2. The Telegraph is one of the most well-known newspapers internationally because of premier league news it provides both in printed or online version.

3. Football is the most popular sport now days, so it is likely that football articles are the most read articles.

4. It is very often that it quotes the words of interviewees such as managers of club or football players. The writer often adds the quotation with his words without putting the correct punctuation. So, if someone does not really understand the use of clauses, he will be confused to get the meaning of the quotation. For example: "… Of the victory, Wenger added: Arsenal needed a draw level quickly, and they

the inside of both posts just five minutes later."After "they did" should be ended by period not a coma.

1.2Problems of Study

The problems of study are:

1. What types of clause are found in Telegraph E-paper issued on 12th February 2012?

2. How many clauses are applied in the Telegraph E-paper issued on 12th February 2012?

3. What is the most dominant clause applied?

1.3Purposes of Study

The purposes of study are:

1. To describe the types of clauses applied in Telegraph E-paper issued on 12th February 2012?

2. To find out the number of clauses applied in Telegraph E-paper issued on 12th February 2012?

3. To find out the most dominant type of subordinate clause used in Telegraph E-paper issued on 12th February 2012?

1.4Scope of Study

This paper only discusses about dependent clause applied in every complex sentence in the football articles taken from Telegraph E-paper of sport section. The articles were issued on 12th February 2012. There are fourteen articles found in that edition namely: Day of Disgrace, Rooney heroics spoiled by Suarez, Chelsea

supporters round on Villas-Boas as team fall to fifth, Legend Henry sign off in style, Dalglish walks alone in defence of his striker, Dalglish’s loyalty to Suarez has blinded him to the repercussions to club and sport, Holt leads the charge, Wigan sense salvation, Redknapp’s fairy, a crazy week at Wembley, Bent’s task: to prove he really is a better finisher than ‘missus’, Story goes on, Chaos? Turmoil? No, England are in rude health, Harry’s Euro 2012 in-tray, and Yakubu return aids Blackburn survival cause.

1.5The significances of Study

The significances of study are:

1. It improves English skill and to profound my comprehension about the grammatical properties, especially complexsentence, compoundsentence, and some related elements.

2. It gives an explanation about the types of clauses and the ways to use it.

3. It provides a source of study or media for anyone to study complex and compound sentence.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Grammar is the body of rules that describe the structure of

.

Clause comes from the combination of words [Word discusses about part of speech which consist of noun, adjective, pronoun, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection (Wren, and Martin 2000:3)] and phrase [Phrase is a group of words that functions in a sentence as a single part of speech. It does not have a subject or a verb]. Phrase consists of prepositional phrase, adjective phrase, adverbial phrase, appositive phrase, verbal phrase, participle phrase, gerund phrase, and infinitive phrase (Rozakis 2003: 102). The combination of clause forms sentences. This means everyone needs to understand clause first so that he can write sentences well. Based on that reason, this thesis attempts to discuss clauses.

2.1Description of clause

Langan (2003:100) states that clause is a group of word that has a subject and a verb and must express a complete thought. Moreover, a clause begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop, question mark, or exclamation mark. McClelland and Marcotte (2003:232) state that there are two types of clause namely independent clause and dependent clause.

According to Blythe (2004) an independent clause consists of a subject and a predicate. And it consists of three types namely; independent clause with transitive verbs, independent clause with intransitive verbs, and independent clause with linking verbs. For example;

• I read a book last night. (independent clause with transitive verb)

• She is very beautiful (independent clause with transitive verb).

• She looks very beautiful. (Independent clause with linking verb).

Dependent clause is not a complete idea. A dependent clause often has S – V –C form, but is not a sentence because the meaning is not clear (McClelland and Marcotte: 232). So it can not stand alone as a sentence. For example:

• She bites her finger when she is nervous. (The clauses when she is nervous

and you are always okay are dependent clauses. The clause "when she is nervous" is the adverb clause of verb bite)

• I hope you are always okay. ("You are always okay" is noun clause which stands as an object. There are three types of dependent clause here).

2.2Types of Dependent Clause

According to Oshima (1991: 160) there are three kinds of dependent clause: adverb clause, adjective clause, and noun clause. It will be discussed one by one.

2.2.1 Noun Clause

A noun clause consists of a subject and predicate that functions as a noun Frank (1972:62) in her book Modern English: Exercise for Non – Native Speakers. Like noun phrase which can stand as subject, object, complement, appositive, and prepositional complement in a sentence, noun clause also can stand as them. But noun clause happens seldom than noun phrase in a sentence. It is because noun clause more refers to abstractions such as events, facts, and ideas. Look at these examples:

Main clause + question word + subject + verb order

• The Manchester United fans hope that the Reds Devils will be crowned as the Premier League champion this year. Here the noun clause "the Reds Devils will be crowned as the Premier League champion" acts as the object of verb "hope."

• What you have said to me hurts my feeling. The noun clause "what you have said to me" stands as a subject of hurts.

• You can call him what you wish. The noun clause "what you wish" acts as a complement of clause "you can call him."

• His belief that football comes from England is correct. Here the clause "that football comes from England” serves as an appositive noun clause.

• His girlfriend thinks about that he wants a new computer for his birthday. The underline clause serves as a prepositional complement. The preposition is about.

There are three basic types of noun clause. These types are noun clause that starts with a question words (where, how, who, when, why, etc), noun clause that starts with whether or if, and noun clause that starts with that

1. Noun clause that starts with a question words.

Noun clauses which begin with a question word are also called embedded questions. Question words which introduce noun clause known as the subordinators, they are: who, what, where, when, how, how many, why, which, etc. To form a noun clause of this type, apply this formula:

Main clause + whether / if + subject + verb order

For example:

• She does not know how she will get money to pay her tuition fee.

• Can you tell me where the post office is.

• He asked who scored the Chelsea goal againts Barcelona. • He does not know what day it is.

• He asked me how much my computer costs. • My friend asked me what football club I like.

Each of this subordinate above starts with question words namely how, where, who, and what.

2. Noun clause that starts with whether or if.

Noun clause that starts with whether or if is used to answer yes/no type questions. Sometimes whether and if are interchangeable. This type is also known as indirect question. And it usually applies common phrases such as I don’t know…, I can’t remember…, please tell me…, or do you know.... The normal formula is :

For example:

• People wondered if Chelsea could beat Barcelona at Camp Nou.

• I do not know whether Barcelona can make it to the Champions League final this season.

3. Noun clause that starts with that

It applies to answer question in which person who answers, thinks, gives an opinion, or use a mental activity verb.

• I believe that Messi is the best player of a life time.

• We insisted that he honored the history of our football club. • It is important that everyone behaves properly.

• I wish that I had a car.

• I wish that Barcelona had beaten Chelsea last night.

2.2.2 Adjective Clause

Adjective modifies a noun. It describes or gives information about a noun (Azar 1992: 309).While, clause must have a subject and a verb. So, it can take conclusion that adjective clause is a clause (subject + verb) which modifies noun or pronoun; it describes and gives information about something or someone that already specified. It means that the clause takes the function of adjective which also expresses noun or pronoun. Because of that, it is called adjective clause. However, there is a big difference between adjective with adjective clause that adjective

precedes the noun whereas adjective clause follows the noun.

Adjective clause usually begins with relative pronoun [who, whom, whose, that, or which] or a relative adverb [when, where, or why]. To identify things, it used

that, whose, or which. While, to identify human beings the marker is who (subject) and whom (human as object). A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause. It is called a "relative" pronoun because it "relates" to the word that it modifies. Adjective clause which begins with the relative pronouns has two different functions. It can serve as subject or an object, and it may replace a possessive word.

Relative pronoun as subject is followed by verb after its marker in which the marker stands as the subject, while relative pronoun as object is followed by noun or pronoun. Look at these examples;

• The pen which is lying on the table is mine. (Subject) which followed by verb order "is lying."

• The pen which Michael lays on the table is mine. (Object) which followed by pronoun "Michael."

The relative adverbs where, when, and why introduce adjective clause. Where denotes place, when refers to time, and why describes reason. For example:

• The reason why Barcelona lost to Chelsea was Chelsea played super defensively. (reason)

• This is the park where we first met. (place)

• Monday is the day when people start working in a week. (time)

Based on the meaning adjective clause consists of restrictive relative clause and non-restrictive relative clause.

1. Restrictive relative clause

Restrictive relative clause is a relative clause which helps to identify the noun that it modifies. It means the adjective clause limits the meaning of noun it modifies. And restrictive clause is not set off by commas. For example:

• She refuses to take any money that her boy friend gives.

• Students who are interested in speaking English are invited to attend one day English seminar.

• The thing that impresses me the most about Barcelona is the way they pass the ball.

• She went to Spain with the man whom she met at college yesterday. 2. Nonrestrictive relative clause

Nonrestrictive relative clause is a relative clause which identifies the information of noun that it modifies without giving limitation. It gives additional information about the noun, but it is not used to identify it. It is usually separated by commas from the main clause. For example:

• Lionel Messi, who is a very well-known football player, plays for Barcelona in Spain.

• The college students, who want to teach after finishing the college, should try to get a lot of classroom experience.

• University of Sumatera Utara, which is a well-respected university in Sumatera, is renovating the building of its medical faculty.

2.2.3 Adverb Clause

An adverb clause consists of a subject and predicate introduced by a subordinate conjunction like when, although, because, if (Frank 1972:23) in her book

Modern English: Exercise for Non-Native Speaker Part II. It means in adverb clause

dependent stand as th,

positions in a complex sentence namely initial position, middle position, and final position. Adverb clauses consist of some types based on the relation they show. And of course they also have the different conjunctions. Check this table which taken from Frank (1972:21) :

No Types Conjunctions Example

1 Time

When, while, since, before, after, until, etc.

• I have not met her since the graduation day

2 Place Where and wherever • That was the house where the robbery took place last night. 3 Cause Because, since, as, as

long as, etc.

• He cannot go because he does not feel well.

4 Condition

If, unless, in case that on condition that, etc.

• We won’t have the picnic unless the weather is good.

5 Contrast Although, though, even though, even if,

• Though I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work.

6 Adversative While, where, and whereas

• Some people spend their time reading, while others watch tv 7 Purpose That, so, so that, etc • He is saving his money so that he

can go abroad. 8 Result So +adj/adv, that

such (a), etc.

• He is so funny that he attracts a lot of attention.

9 Comparison (As + adj+as), (so + adj +as), etc.

• She works just as hard as her sister works.

10 Manner As if, as though, • He behaves as if he is a king.

2.3 Online Newspaper

A newspaper is a scheduled informative articles, diverse features, editorials, and advertising. It can be concluded that newspapers give a true and correct picture of society. Newspaper conveys information of political, economic, social changes, activities of the people, crimes, sport, etc. There are some kinds of newspaper namely daily newspaper, weekly newspaper, national newspaper, and international newspaper. Daily newspaper is issued everyday; weekly newspaper is published every week national newspaper is published nationally in a country; and international newspaper is published

internationally such as The

In the past newspaper was only provided in printed version. But, now newspaper is also provided in online edition. An online newspaper is a that exists on the version of a printed periodical. So, there is online newspaper which is the online version of newspaper which is printed periodical such as The Jakarta Post there is also online newspaper which only published in online edition. It means the newspaper does not have any hard copy. An example of this newspaper is published in the United State since 1999, and Thewhich is introduced in 1991 in United Kingdom. It is a weekly summary of news in a week. If online newspaper compares to printed edition, there are some advantages of online newspaper namely; it can compete with decreases costs, and it is easier to access than printed edition.

2.3.1 The Telegraph

One of the leading newspapers in England which provides online newspaper is the Telegraph. the Telegraph is founded in 1855 after the repeal of the stamp tax; the Telegraph quickly became Britain's best-selling paper, with its mix of sport and politics and its peerless news service. Following a decline in the early twentieth century, it emerged in the 1930s as the up market leader, a position which retains in the early 2000s. People believe that its heyday was in the 1960s, when its news reporting was unparalleled. Owned by Conrad Black, the paper has broadly conservative politics and it is often called the Torygraph. And It is the only British

daily paper that have attained a circulation above one million

The Telegraph went online in 2007; the website isThere are four types of Telegraph namely the Daily Telegraph, the Sunday Telegraph, Online Telegraph, and Telegraph E-paper. The Daily Telegraph is a printed version of newspaper which published every day; The Sunday Telegraph is a printed version of newspaper which published only in Sunday. And The Telegraph E-paper is an online edition of these two printed versions of The Telegraph. It means the printed version of The Daily Telegraph and The Sunday Telegraph can be read in The Telegraph E-paper. Because of that, it has two sections; The Daily Telegraph section and The Sunday Telegraph section. The Daily Telegraph section consists of business, gardening, motoring, property, review, sport, the daily telegraph, travel, weekend, your money. And The Sunday Telegraph section consists of business, life, money, seven, sport, stella, the Sunday Telegraph, and travel.

The object of this study is sport articles from The Telegraph E-paper. Talking about sport in United Kingdom and especially in England cannot be separated from football. England is the motherland of football. Football is not just a sport for English people. It is a culture, a religion, a life for them. And it has Premier League which is the most popular league in the world as the latest research estimates that the Premier League matches attracted staggering 4.7 billion TV viewers last season. There are some well known football clubs from England such as Manchester United, Arsenal, Liverpool, Chelsea, and the new champion; Manchester City. And its popular players are Rooney, Giggs, Teves, Aguero, Yaya Toure, Van Persie, Drogba, Lampard, Terry, Gerrard, Suarez, etc. So, it can be concluded that every fan

And the simplest way to get it is by reading online newspaper. So, it is decided that the source of every sample of the data is taken from Telegraph E-paper of sport section; especially football news.

CHAPTER III METHOD OF STUDY

The methodology of study is designed to figure out the problems by analyzing and describing the facts and data. The method applied here is library research method. It needs to collect and read some books and browse some websites or blogs to gather information which is related to the topic. Then it is sorted to find the suitable references. After gathering the data, it uses descriptive method to describe the data and information taken from references. Nawawi (1991: 67) states,

“Metode deskriptif dapat diartikan sebagai prosedur atau cara memecahkan masalah penelitian dengan memaparkan keadaan objek yang diselidiki (seseorang, lembaga, masyarakat, pabrik, dan lain-lain) sebagaimana adanya, berdasarkan, fakta-fakta yang aktual pada saat sekarang”.

3.1Method of collecting the data

It uses purposive sampling method in choosing the samples of the data. Purposive sampling method means that the samples are taken from independent observations from the same probability distribution, without involving any real population. It means the samples are not the real representative of the population of the data. It chooses articles from Telegraph E-Paper which is one of leading newspapers in England. It is the same edition as the newspaper printed in the United Kingdom.

There are some sections on Telegraph E-paper such as business, gardening, motoring, property, sport, etc. And in the sports section there are some kinds of sport such as Rugby, Golf, Tennis, Football, etc. And it decides to choose football articles because it is the most popular sport in England. That it is very likely that football is the most read articles from the others. So, it should be written as interesting as

possible. There are twelve pages of the sports section which is issued on 12th February 2012; five pages of them are football news. In these five pages there are 14 articles which are the samples of the thesis.

To collect the data these methods are used:

1. It reads the article to understand the message of every sentence and the article. 2. It identifies and categorizes every dependent clause in complex sentence form. 3. It italicizes the clauses and underlines the dependent clauses.

3.2Method of analyzing the data

After collecting the data, there are some steps need to be taken in analyzing it. It applies these steps;

1. The data is displayed in a table.

2. Clauses are calculated to find out the most dominant dependent clause of complex sentence in the newspaper.

3. It finds out the percentage of article which applies the most dominant and the less dominant of every dependent clause. In order to get the accurate percentage of the most dominant clause, it uses a formula from Nawawi (1991: 150) as follow;

X _{x100%= N} Y

X = Number of clauses Y = Total number of all data N = Percentage of the clause

By applying this formula, it expects the calculation of the percentage of the most dominant clauses of this thesis is reliable. Finally, it is able to arrange conclusion and suggestion.

CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 4.1Analysis

In this part of thesis it will focus on analyzing subordinate clauses from chosen articles of The Telegraph E – Paper. Every article will be analyzed based on the type of clause namely noun clause, adjective clause, and adverb clause.

Article I Day of Disgrace by Mark Ogden (2012)

The clauses are:

1. Sir Alex Ferguson branded Luis Suarez a "disgrace to Liverpool" and urged the Anfield club to "get rid of the striker" after he refused to shake Patrice Evra's hand before Manchester United's victory yesterday.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is underlined. It modifies the verbs of independent clause branded and urged. This adverb clause shows time.

2. Suarez's decision to snub the Frenchman during the fair-play handshake was

criticized by Ferguson and United defender Rio Ferdinand, who declined the Uruguayan's hand in protest.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adjective clause describes pronoun United defender Rio Ferdinand.

3. The Football Association could also investigate a confrontation between both sets of players in the tunnel at half-time which had to be broken up by police and stewards.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adjective clause shows restrictive meaning and it describes noun

a confrontation.

4. It was alleged 1that Evra tried to confront Suarez over the non-handshake 2but

was blocked by Liverpool's Martin Skartel.

In this example the dependent clauses are noun clause and adverb clause; they are clauses which are underlined. The first clause is noun clause which functions as the object of verb of independent clause alleged. And the second clause is adverb clause which modifies the verb tried. This adverb clause shows contrast.

5. "Maybe that's just the kind of character he is," Ferguson said.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The noun clause in this sentence functions as the object of verb of independent clause said.

6. 1When we had the FA Cup tie (last moth), 2because there was no 24-hour news

channel in the build up to the game nothing happened.

There are two dependent clauses in this example; they are adverb clauses. The adverb clauses are the clauses which are underlined. Both adverb clauses modify the verb of independent clause happened. The first adverb clause shows time and the second adverb clause shows cause.

7. "It was just bad decision making from the guy", he said.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The noun clause in this sentence functions as the object of verb of independent clause said.

8. "It’s never been a problem up until this situation regarding racism," Ferguson said.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The noun clause in this sentence functions as the object of verb of independent clause said.

9. Ged Grebby, chief executive of Show Racism the Red Card, added: "Suarez has shown no grace".

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The noun clause in this sentence functions as the object of verb of independent clause added.

10.Greater Manchester Police also confiscated 17,500 copies of United's Red Issue

fanzine, 2which featured a cut-out Ku Klux Klan style mask bearing the words:

'LFC Suarez is innocent'.

In this example the dependent clauses are noun clause and adjective clause; they are clauses which are underlined. The first clause is noun clause that functions as the noun of verb of independent clause confiscated. The adjective clause describes noun phrase 7,500 copies of United's Red Issue fanzine. It shows restrictive meaning.

11.Red Issue, who will discover tomorrow if they will face charges of inciting racial hatred, have denied wrong doing.

There are two dependent clauses in this example; they are adjective clause and noun clause. The adjective clause is who will discover tomorrow if they will face charges of inciting racial hatred that describes noun Red Issue. And the noun clause is if they will face charges of inciting racial hatred that functions as the object of verb of the adjective clause discover.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The noun clause in this sentence functions as the object of verb of independent clause said.

13.Well now that I have told you that, that he did do it.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adjective clause in this sentence describes noun that.

14.Do you think you have to take a serious look at his refusal to shake his hand and the way it set the tone?

There are two dependent clauses in this example; they are noun clauses. And they are the clauses which underlined. Both noun clauses in this sentence function as the object of verb of independent clause think.

15.I think predominantly that both set of fans behaved really well.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The noun clause in this sentence functions as the object of verb of independent clause think.

16.You also know 1there was controversy in the tunnel, 2the police were called, 3and

the stewards were called, before and after the game.

In this example the underlined clauses are dependent clauses which called noun clause. They function as the objects of verb of independent clause know.

17.KD No, I'm just saying it was a bit tight trying to get through there [in the tunnel].

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The noun clause in this sentence functions as the object of main verb of independent clause saying.

18.I don't know 1what happened in there 2because I was not right here.

In this example there are two dependent clauses namely noun clause and adverb clause. Noun clause here functions as the objects of verb of independent clause know. And the adverb clause also modifies the verb of independent clause know. It shows cause.

19.So if you want to know what happened in there ask somebody else, OK.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is underlined. It modifies the verb of main clause ask. This adverb clause shows condition.

Article II Rooney heroics spoiled by Suarez by Mark Ogden (2012)

The clauses are:

1. Whatever Suarez was thinking when he rejected Patrice Evra's hand prior to the game only the 25 year-old will know.

In this example there are two dependent clauses namely noun clause and adverb clause. Noun clause here functions as the objects of verb of independent clause know. And the adverb clause also modifies the verb of independent clause know. It shows time.

2. With less than a minute on the clock, Evra and Ferdinand appeared hell-bent on dispossessing Suarez forcefully before they collided, courtesy of the Liverpool's nudge into Ferdinand's back.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is underlined. It modifies the verb of main clause appeared. This adverb clause shows time.

3. Three minutes later, Evra went close to scoring the opener 1when he arrived late

in the penalty area and climbed above Dirk Kuyt 2before heading Antonio

Valencia's cross over the bar.

In this example there are two dependent clauses namely adverb clauses. The adverb clauses modify the verb of independent clause went. Both adverb clauses show time.

4. United struggled to break down Liverpool, while Dalglish's team failed to

provide Suarez with any meaningful service.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is underlined. It modifies the verb of main clause struggled. This adverb clause shows time.

5. It was a decision that angered Suarez and the sense of injustice lingered.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. It describes noun a decision.

6. Rooney claimed his first after 47 minutes when he was left unmarked to convert Giggs's corner.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is underlined. It modifies the verb of main clause claimed. This adverb clause shows time.

7. Whoever chose to leave Rooney on his own inside the six-yard box will be the one having sleepless nights.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. It functions as the subject of independent clause.

8. Liverpool again gifted their opponents a goal two minutes later when Jay

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is underlined. It modifies the verb of main clause gifted. This adverb clause shows time.

9. On the final whistle, the Frenchman skipped around Old Trafford, waving his arms to the crowd before foolishly heading towards Suarez as he trudged off the pitch.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is underlined. It modifies the verb of main clause skipped and waving. This adverb clause shows time.

10.GS; Do you understand 1why Rio Ferdinand subsequently refused to shake his

hand 2having seen him blank Patrice Evra?

In this example the dependent clauses are noun clause and adverb clause; they are the clauses which are underlined. The noun clause functions as the object of verb of independent clause understand. It is noun clause that begins with question word. The adverb clause modifies the verb of noun clause refused. This adverb shows time.

11.GS; Is there an argument that there shouldn’t have been the handshake at all?

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. It describes noun an argument.

12.AF; I didn’t see it because I got off the pitch.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is underlined. It modifies the verb of independent clause didn’t see. This adverb clause shows cause.

Article III Chelsea supporters round on Villas-boas as team fall to fifth

The clauses are:

1. This defeat meantVilla-boas’s side dropped out of the top four.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The noun clause in this sentence functions as the object of verb of independent clause meant.

2. 1"You don’t know 2what you’re doing," the visitors sang.

In this example the dependent clauses are noun clauses; it is the clause which is underlined. The first noun clause in this sentence functions as the object of verb of independent clause sang. And the second noun clause functions as the object of verb of dependent clause know.

3. The same supporters were even less forgiving when their most potent attacking threat, Juan Mata, was replaced by Romelu Lukaku eight minutes later.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is underlined. It modifies the verb of main clause were even less forgiving. This adverb clause shows time.

4. It’s part of the job, said Villas Boas on the reaction on his own supporters.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The noun clause in this sentence functions as the object of verb of independent clause said.

5. If Everton are dreading a phone call from Daniel Levy about stealing their

manager, they will be grateful for the one the Tottenham accepted in the final throes of deadline day.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is underlined. It modifies the verb of main clause dreading. This adverb clause shows condition.

6. Moyes was scurrying around for a mobile phone to complete the loan deal for

Steven Pienaar, who was desperate to revive his career on familiar ground.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. It describes pronoun Steven Pienaar.

7. He was substituted to a standing ovation shortly after Everton added a second.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is underlined. It modifies the verb of main clause was substituted. This adverb clause shows time.

8. London Donovan fed the enthusiastic Denis Stracqualursi, who nudged the ball

beyond Cech.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. It describes pronoun Denis Stracqualursi.

9. "It was like he'd [Pienaar] never been away," said Moyes.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The noun clause in this sentence functions as the object of verb of independent clause said.

10.None of the key participants can be sure where they will be next season.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is underlined. It modifies the verb of main clause can be sure. This adverb clause shows place.

Article IV Legend Henry sign off in style by Luke Edwards at Stadium of Light (2012)

The clauses are:

1. I'm very happy because Sunderland have a lot character and they were very

resilient.

In this example the dependent clauses are adverb clause; they are clauses which are underlined. Both clauses describe adjective very happy.

2. "We will have to see about next season" said Arsene Wenger, the Arsenal manager.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The noun clause in this sentence functions as the object of verb of independent clause said.

3. I hope he will add something in the Champions League on Wednesday.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The noun clause in this sentence functions as the object of verb of independent clause hope.

Article V Dalglish walks alone in defence of his striker; Dalglish’s loyalty to Suarez has blinded him to the repercussions to club and sport by Henry Winter (2012)

The clauses are:

1. Somebody at Liverpool needs to explain to Luis Suarez the damage he is doing to a great footballing institution.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adjective clause describes the noun the damage.

2. Somebody at Anfield needs to persuade Kenny Dalglish to realize that the club is walking alone in a world of rising opprobrium.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The noun clause functions as the object of infinitive to; to realize. 3. The impression persists that nobody internally at Anfield is taking their vaunted

manager to task, quietly questioning his stance.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The noun clause functions as the object of verb persists.

4. Back in 1996, Ferguson famously once reflected that his fellow Scot was a

private man, with only a few friends such as Alan Hansen around him.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The noun clause functions as the object of verb reflected.

5. Ferguson argued 1that this was not a problem on the basis 2that "you only need

four people to carry your coffin".

In this example the dependent clauses are noun clause and adjective clause; they are clauses which are underlined. The first clause is noun clause functions as the object of verb argued. And second clause is adjective clause which describes noun phrase on the basis.

6. Dalglish is the one who most needs to change his tune.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adjective clause describes the pronoun the one.

7. It would help if players such as Suarez understood their duty to the game and to their employers, avoiding intensifying the tribalism of this fractious fixture.

8. The fuse was lit before kick-off as the cameras zoomed in on the handshake ceremony.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is underlined. It modifies the main verb of independent clause lit. This adverb clause shows cause.

9. An angry Evra grabbed the arm of Suarez, who pulled away and continued down

the line.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adjective clause describes the pronoun Suarez.

10.As the players concluded their final stretching before kick off, Wayne Rooney put his arm around Evra.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is underlined. It modifies the verb of independent clause put. This adverb clause shows time.

11.He was caught out against Liverpool in the FA cup and particularly in the league at Chelsea last weekwhen Daniel Sturridge kept dashing past him.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is underlined. It modifies the verb phrase of independent clause caught out. This adverb clause shows time.

12.Suarez darted away from Evra just before the break, sprinting through on goal before Ferdinand slid in with a perfectly timed interception.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is underlined. It modifies the verb of independent clause darted away. This adverb clause shows time.

13.The striker looked around in bemusement at not getting a free kick, staring at Phil Dowd, the referee, who handled a heated occasion well.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adjective clause describes the pronoun the referee.

14.Evra is no angel; 1although it needs reemphasizing 2that he is the victim in all

this, 3the one who was racially abused.

In this example, there are three dependent clauses. The first clause is adverb clause. The second clause is noun clause that functions as the object of verb

reemphasizing. And the clause is adjective clause defines pronoun the one.

15.Trailing to Rooney’s lighting strike, Dalglish rejigged, giving Suarez some

company in attack in form of Andy Carrol, although they rarely dovetailed.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adverb modifies the verb giving. This adverb clause shows contrast.

16.A counter point towards Suarez’s lack of dignity came from De Gea after the Uruguayan had fallen in the box.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adverb modifies the verb came. This adverb clause shows time. 17.Dowd nipped between them, although Suarez had not reacted.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adverb modifies the verb nipped. This adverb clause shows contrast.

Article VI Holt leads the charge by Graham Clutton at Liberty Stadium (2012)

The clauses are:

1. For Swansea, who have dazzled the Premier League with their total football this season, it was only their second home defeat of the season.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adjective clause describes noun Swansea.

2. Danny Graham, whose goals have invaluable since joining from Watford in the

summer, put the Welshmen in front with the home side's first attack.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adjective clause shows possession.

3. The £3 million striker, 1who helped himself to a late penalty after Grant Holt's

tug on Ashley Williams, almost scored a late equalizer, 2but turned his shot wide

of John Ruddy's far post.

In this example, there are two dependent clauses which consist of one adverb clause and one adjective clause. The first clause is adjective clause which modifies pronoun striker. And the second clause is adverb clause which modifies the verb of independent clause scored. It shows contrast.

4. It would have been harsh on a Norwich side who were good value for their fourth away win of the season.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adjective clause describes noun Norwich side.

5. Andrew Surman should have equalized before half-time, but his point-blank

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adverb modifies the main verb of independent clause equalized. This adverb clause shows contrast.

Article VII Wigan sense salvation by Arindam Rej at Reebok Stadium (2012)

The clauses are:

1. It came following a long kick by Adam Bogdan, 1as the ball struck David Ngog's back then fall nicely for Mark Davies, 2who finished from outside the box. In this example, there are dependent clauses which consist of one adverb clause and one adjective clause. The adverb clause modifies the verb of independent clause came. This adverb clause shows cause. The second clause is adjective clause which describes pronoun Mark Davies.

2. But Wigan were quickly back in front, following a swift break, as Victor Moses cut inside from the left then shot at Bogdan.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adverb clause modifies the adverb of independent clause quickly. This adverb clause shows time.

3. It was a lead 1that Wigan did not surrender 2although Ali Al Habsi was forced

into an excellent, late save from Ryo Miyachi.

In this example the dependent clauses are adjective clause and adverb clause; they are clauses which are underlined. The first clause is adjective clause describes noun lead. And the second clause is adverb clause which modifies verb phrase of dependent clause did not surrender.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The noun clause functions as the object of verb said.

Article VIII Redknapp’s fairy by Gerry Cox (2012)

The clauses are:

1. After a momentous week 1in which a five-year cloud of suspicion was finally

dispersed, Harry Redknapp has another problem looming on the horizon –

2choosing between Tottenham and England.

In this example the dependent clauses are adjective clause; they are clauses which are underlined. The first adjective clause is the first clause which describe noun phrase a momentous week. And the second adjective clause describes noun phrase another problem.

2. But, the way his side crushed Newcastle to keep pace with the only to clubs above

them, Manchester United and Manchester City, suggests another Champions

League campaign is not far away.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The noun clause functions as the object of verb of independent clause

suggests.

3. 1"It was the most difficult week 2 I had ever had, for sure", he said 3"I wouldn’t

want to put anybody through that.”

In this example the dependent clauses are noun clauses and adjective clause; they are clauses which are underlined. The noun clause function as the object of verb of independent clause said. The adjective clause describes noun week.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The noun clause functions as the object of verb of independent clause

repeated.

5. It wouldn’t be fair to Tottenham otherwise – the players, the crowd, the people who own the club.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adjective clause describes pronoun the players, the crowd, the people.

6. Benoit Assou-Ekotto opened the scoring from the tight angle after Emanuel

Adebayor exchanged passes with Gareth Bale and drill the ball across goal. In this example the dependent clauses are adverb clause; they are clauses which are underlined. The adverb clauses modify the verb of independent clause

opened. This adverb clause shows time.

7. Adebayor set up Saha’s opening goal with a surging run down the right and

teasing cross, which invited the Frenchman to half volley.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adjective clause describes noun phrase teasing cross.

8. Adebayor laid it to Sahawho drilled home delightedly.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adjective clause describes pronoun Saha.

Article IXChaos? Turmoil? No, England are in rude health (2012)

The clauses are:

1. Gary Mabbutt, who knows well both Redknapp and the FA, is an obvious

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adjective clause describes pronoun Gary Mabbutt.

2. Redknapp believes 1the vast arena inhibits England players 2who could play with

greater confidence and tempo at more familiar grounds such as Anfield and Old Trafford.

In this example the dependent clauses are noun clause and adjective clause; they are clauses which are underlined. The noun clause is the first clause which function as the object of verb of independent clause believes. And the second clause is adjective clause which describes pronoun England players.

Article X A Crazy Week at Wembley by Jeremy Wilson (2012)

The clauses are:

1. "I can understand the hype," he said.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The noun clause functions as the object of verb of independent clause

said.

2. The fact that we haven’t had huge success as an international side over the last few years is the opportunity in any way.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adjective clause describes noun phrase the fact.

3. "Whoever comes in, he hasn’t got to win the world cup to be regarded as

successful,” he added.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The noun clause functions as the object of verb of independent clause

4. 1But while Redknapp is the front runner, Bernstein also saidhe would ultimately

go for the "best" candidate.

In this example the dependent clause are adverb clause and noun clause; they are clauses which underlined. The first clause is adverb clause which modifies the verb of independent clause said. It shows contrast. And the noun clause functions as the object of verb of independent clause said.

5. There have been suggestionsthat Redknapp might like to keep his options open. In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adjective clause describes noun suggestions.

6. History tells us 1that players rarely produce their best for a manager 2 whose own

future is uncertain.

In this example the dependent clauses are noun clause and adjective clause; they are clauses which are underlined. The first clause is noun clause which functions as the object of verb of independent clause tells. And the second clause is adjective clause which describes pronoun a manager. It shows possession.

7. It could mean that, after Capello, Pearce, Redknapp, the FA might end up

needing a fourth manager in 2012.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The noun clause functions as the object of main verb of independent clause mean.

8. Levy’s admiration for Mourinho was evident when he made approach within

days of the self-styled ‘Special One’ leaving on Chelsea.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adverb clause modifies the adjective of independent clause

9. So, the next manager must make a decision regarding how the rest of the squad will react to Terry.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adjective clause describes noun a decision.

10.Against Holland this month, Stuart Pearce is also facing a scenario whereby both Terry and Ferdinand are likely to be available to play together for the first time this season.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adjective clause describes noun a scenario.

11.Another complicating factor is the possibility of code of conduct – 1which might

preclude players from representing England 2while they await criminal trial –

being published before Euro 2012.

In this example the dependent clauses are adjective clause and adverb clause; they are clauses which are underlined. The first clause is adjective clause which describes noun phrase the possibility of code of conduct. And the second clause is adverb clause which modifies the main verb of adjective clause preclude. This adverb clause shows time.

12.The FA was sufficiently irritated on Friday to issue an official denial of rumors that it had spent £1.5 million in remunerating Capello for the reminder of his contract.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adjective clause describes noun rumors.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The noun clause functions as the object of verb of independent clause

means.

Article XI Bent’s task: to prove he is really a better player than ‘my missus’

The clauses are:

1. Bent, the Aston Villa forward, has admitted 1that the widely anticipated

appointment of Redknapp2 could damage his burning ambition to represent his

country this summer, after the infamous comment 3that arguably signaled the

death knell for his career at Tottenham three years ago.

In this example there are three dependent clauses namely two noun clauses and one adjective clause. The first clause is noun clause which functions as the object of main verb of independent clause admitted. The second clause is also noun clause which functions as the subject of verb phrase could damage. And the third clause is adjective clause which describes noun comment.

2. But, nagging doubt about whether a consistent flurry of goals will be still enough to cement his place on the England plane must be there.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The noun clause functions as the subject of independent clause. 3. 1He (Capello) left me out of the last world cup squad 2but after that he picked me

3every time I was fit, 4so I thought I had a good chance to go to the Euros this

year, so it is just a shame 5he has quit," Bent said.

In this example there are five dependent clauses. The first clause is He (Capello) left me out of the last world cup squad but after that he picked me every time I was fit, so I thought a had a good chance to go to the Euros this year, so it is just

a shame he has quit stands as noun clause that functions as object of verb of independent clause said. The second clause is adverb clause and it modifies verb

left. This adverb clause shows contrast. The third clause is adverb clause and it modifies verb picked. This adverb clause shows contrast. The fourth clause is adverb clause and it modifies verb picked. This adverb clause shows result. The fifth clause is adjective clause and it describes noun a shame.

4. If I keep playing well and scoring I will get picked.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adverb clause modifies the main verb of independent clause

picked. This adverb clause shows condition.

5. If Harry is the manager or somebody else is the manager they will see that and pick me.

In this example the dependent clauses are adverb clause; they are clauses which are underlined. The adverb clauses modify the main verb of independent clause

see and pick. These adverb clauses show condition.

6. I didn’t even know about it until the next day when it all blew up.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adjective clause describes noun phrase the next day.

Article XII Story goes on (2012)

The clauses are:

1. The dominance continued into the second half, which begin to resemble a

training exercise for Tottenham.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adjective clause describes noun phrase second half.

2. 1“Adebayor and Saha really cause us problems,” admitted Pardew, 2whose name

was link with the England job by Spurs fan hoping to hang on to Redknapp.

In this example there are two dependent clauses namely noun clause and adjective clause; they are clauses which are underlined. The first clause is noun clause which functions as the noun of verb of independent clause admitted. And the second clause is adjective clause which describes pronoun Pardew.

3. Whether he is prepared to give that up for the maelstrom of managing England is another matter.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is clause which is underlined. The noun clause functions as a subject.

4. But for now his priority is to ensurethat the Spurs go marching on.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is clause which is underlined. The noun clause functions as the object of verb of independent clause namely to ensure.

5. That was the weekthat started a new era for English football.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is clause which is underlined. The adjective clause describes noun namely the week.

6. The Italian should have been dismissed after the embarrassment of the World

Cup when England stank South Africa out.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is clause which is underlined. The adverb clause modifies the main verb of independent clause

dismissed. This adverb clause shows time.

7. Rio Ferdinand was understandably angered when Capello was slow to contact

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is clause which is underlined. The adverb clause modifies the adjective of independent clause

angered. This adverb clause shows time.

8. Capello did not appreciate that the FA chairman, David Berstein, was firm on

the John Terry captaincy issue.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is clause which is underlined. The noun clause functions as the object of main verb of independent clause appreciate.

9. By contrast, Redknapp is a gifted communicator, famous for being aware of what makes players stick.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is clause which is underlined. The noun clause functions as a prepositional complement.

10.That also the week when the importance of international football was affirmed. In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is clause which is underlined. The adjective clause describes noun phrase the week.

Article XIII Harry’s Euro 2012 in-tray

The clauses are:

1. You would imagine that Redknapp would come into his own with the way he man

manages the suspended player over the course of the first two games.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is clause which is underlined. The noun clause functions as the noun of the main verb of independent clause imagine.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is clause which is underlined. The adverb clause modifies the adjective of independent clause

angered. This adverb clause shows time.

3. This country isn’t overly blessedwith top-class central strikers, whereas the wide areas are slightly better recovered.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is clause which is underlined. The adverb clause modifies the main verb of independent clause

blessed. This adverb clause shows contrast.

4. For a manager who has always made a habit of putting square pegs in square

holes, that would point to a system using the full width of the pitch.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is underlined. The adjective clause modifies the pronoun a manager.

5. So, yes, I thinkHarry will take him.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is clause which is underlined. The noun clause functions as the noun of the verb of independent clause think.

6. Not only that, I thinkhe might play him on the right instead of Walcott.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is clause which is underlined. The noun clause functions as the noun of the verb of independent clause think.

Article XIII Yakubu Return aids Blackburn survival by Graham Chase (2012)

The clauses are:

1. After missing three matches through suspension, the Nigerian took just 14

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is clause which is underlined. The adverb clause modifies the verb of independent clause took. This adverb clause shows time.

2. 1"He’s shown what a good player he is and 2 what a good goal scorer he is, "Kean said.

In this example the dependent clauses are noun clauses; they are clauses which are underlined. The noun clauses function as the noun of the verb of independent clause said.

3. There was at least some redemption for Jamie Mackie, 1who pulled back two late

goals on a ground 2where he broke his leg 13 months ago.

In this example dependent clauses consist of adjective clause and adverb clause. The adjective clause describe pronoun Jamie Mackie. And the adverb modifies the verb phrase pulled back clause shows place.

4. The breakthrough came 1when Nzonzi flicked on long free kick from Paul

Robinson and 2Yakubu turned a defender before finding the bottom corner. In this example the dependent clauses are adverb clause; they are clauses which are underlined. The adverb clauses modify the verb of independent clause came.

5. The lead was doubled 1when Nzonzi headed into Hoilett’s path 2and the winger

cut in to feed the midfielder, 3who swept into the bottom corner.

In this example the underline clauses are dependent clauses which consist of adjective clause and adverb clauses. The first two clauses are adverb clauses which modify the verb of independent clause headed and cut in. It shows time. And the adjective clause describes pronoun the midfielder.

6. Mackie managed to pull one back with 20 minutes remaining when he touched in

In this example the underline clause is dependent clause called adverb clause. It modifies the verb of independent clause pull back and it shows time.

4.2Finding

After analyzing and getting the data, the next step is to tabulate the data. The distribution of the data is displayed a table. This table below shows the number of clauses in every article and its percentage to all data. And it also shows the number of clauses in every article. In addition, the percentage of every number of clauses is also found in this table.

N : Number % : Percentage

Table 1. Number and percentage of data

No Article Noun Clause

Adjective Clause

Adverb

Clause Total Clauses N % N % N % N % 1 Articles I 16 10% 5 3.1% 6 3.8% 27 17% 2 Articles II 3 1.9% 2 1.2% 10 6.3% 15 9% 3 Articles III 5 3.1% 2 1.2% 4 2.5% 11 7% 4 Articles IV 2 1.2% - - 2 1.2% 4 2% 5 Articles V 5 3.1% 6 3.8% 9 5.6% 20 13% 6 Articles VI - - 4 2.5% 2 1.2% 6 4% 7 Articles VII 1 0.6% 2 1.3% 3 1.9% 6 4% 8 Articles VIII 5 3.1% 5 3.1% 2 1.2% 12 7% 9 Articles IX 1 0.6% 2 1.2% - - 3 2% 10 Articles X 6 3.8% 7 4.5% 3 1.9% 16 10% 11 Articles XI 4 2.5% 3 1.9% 6 3.8% 13 8% 12 Articles XII 5 3.1% 4 2.5% 3 1.9% 12 8% 13 Articles XIII 2 1.3% 1 0.6% 2 1.2% 5 3% 14 Articles XIV 2 1.3% 2 1.2% 6 3.8% 10 6%

 In the article VIII noun clause and adjective clauses are the most dominant clause with 5 clauses with percentage 3.1%. It is followed by adverb clause which has 2 clauses with percentage 1.2%.

 In the article IX adjective clause is the most dominant clause by 2 clauses with percentage 1.2%. And it is found 1 noun clause with 0.6% of percentage. But, there is no adverb clause found in this article.

 In the article X adjective clause consists of 7 clauses with percentage 4.5% which is the most dominant clause. Noun clause has 6 clauses with percentage 3.8% and 3 adverb clauses found here with percentage 1.9%.

 In the article XI adverb clause is the most dominant clause with 6 clauses with percentage 3.8%. Noun clause consists of 4 clauses with percentage 2.5% and it is found 3 adjective clauses with the percentage 1.9%.

 In the article XII noun clause is the most dominant clause with 5 clauses with percentage 3.1%. Adjective clause is in the second place with 4 clauses with percentage 2.5%. And the less dominant clause is adverb clause with 3 clauses and percentage 1.9%.

 In the article XIII noun clause and adverb clause have the same number namely 2 clauses and 1.3% of percentage. And the less dominant clause is adjective clause with 1 clause with percentage 0.6%.

 In the article XIV adverb clause is the most dominant clause with 6 clauses with percentage 3.8%. Adjective clause and noun clause have 2 clauses each with percentage 1.2%.

After getting the total number data, it is calculated to get the total percentage. It is calculated by applying this formula:

X _{x 100% = N} Y

X = Number of clauses

Y = Total number of all clauses N = Percentage of data

 The percentage of noun clause 57 _{x 100% = 35.6%} 160

 The percentage of adjective clause 45 _{x 100% = 28.1%} 160

 The percentage of adjective clause 58 _{x 100% = 36.3%}

160

Table 2. Total number and percentage of data

No Dependent clause Number Percentage %

1 Noun Clause 57 35.6%

2 Adjective Clause 45 28.1%

3 Adverb Clause 58 36.3%

Total 160 100%

This table shows that adverb clause is the most dominant clause in the Telegraph E-Paper of Football article issued 12 February 2012. It consists of 58 clauses with the percentage 36.3%. Noun clause is in the second place which consists of 57 clauses and 35.6% of percentage. And the less dominant clause is adjective clause with 45 clauses and 28.1% of percentage.

In the last step it is going to find out the percentage of every type of clause in all articles. By doing this step it can find out the percentage of every article to every type of clause.

Table 3. Percentage of clauses

No Clauses

Articles

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

VIII

IX

X

XI

XII

XIII

XIV

1 Noun

Clause 28.1% 5.3% 8.8% 3.5% 8.8% - 1.7% 8.8% 1.7% 10.5% 7% 8.8% 3.5% 3.5%

2 Adjective

Clause 11.2% 4.4% 4.4% - 13.3% 8.9% 4.4% 11.2% 4.4% 15.6% 6.7% 8.9% 2.2% 4.4%

3 Adverb

Clause 10.4% 17.2% 6.9% 3.4% 15.5% 3.4% 5.2% 3.4% - 5.2% 10.4% 5.2% 3.4% 10.4%

The article which applies the most dominant noun clause is the article I with the percentage 28%. In the second place is the article X with the percentage 10.5%. It is followed by article III, V, VIII, and XII with the percentage 8.8%. And the articles which apply the less dominant noun clause are article VII and IX with percentage 1.7%. But, no noun clause found in article VI. Adjective clause is found very dominant in the article X with the percentage 15.6%. It is followed by article V with the percentage 13.3%. And no adjective clause found in article IV. For adverb clause, it is found very dominant in the article II with the percentage 17.2%. It is followed by article V with the percentage 15.5%. And percentage of adjective clause in the article IV, VI, VIII, and article XIII is 1.8%. However, there is no adverb clause found in article IX.

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1Conclusion

After discussing the topic, it comes to some conclusions. Understanding clause is very important in order to be able to write or read correctly. Clause consists of independent clause and dependent clause. And the dependent clause consists of noun clause, adjective clause, and adverb clause. Noun clause can stand as a subject, verb, complement, etc. But, in this study most of noun clause found stand as object of the independent clause. The use of adjective clause is most found in relative pronoun form. And adverb clause which shows time is found many times in the newspaper.

Every dependent clause; noun clause, adjective clause, or adverb clause is found in Telegraph E- Paper which issued on 12 February 2012. From 14 articles, 3 articles do not apply these three dependent clauses. Noun clause is not found in article VI and one article does not apply adjective clause namely article IV, and adverb clause is not found in articles IX.

There are 160 dependent clauses in 14 articles in Telegraph E- Paper of Football articles which issued on 12 February 2012. The most dominant clause is adverb clause with the percentage 36.3%. It consists of 58 adverb clauses. It is because the writer needs to express many kinds of relation of adverb clause such as time, place, condition, etc. Noun clause comes after adverb clause by percentage of 35.6% and consists of 57 noun clauses. And in the last place is adjective clause with the percentage 28.1% that consists of 45 clauses.

There are 16 noun clauses found in the article I with the percentage 28.1% which is the highest use of noun clause. And the lowest percentage of the use of noun clause is found in article VII and IX with percentage 1.7%. The use of adjective clause is very dominant in the article X with the percentage 15.6%. It is followed by article V with the percentage 13.3%. And no adjective clause found in article IV. For adverb clause, it is found very dominant in the article II with the percentage 17.2%, it is followed by article V with the percentage 15.5%. And the percentage of adverb clause in the article IV, VI, VIII, and article XIII is 1.8%. And there is no adverb clause found in article IX.

5.2Suggestion

As it has been found out that clause is very important part of grammar especially in writing skill, it suggests to students to study it seriously. And for students who have passion to discuss clauses, it is advised to continue this study; discussing the dependent clause in compound – complex sentence form or the use of independent clause in compound sentence form. And finally suggestions or criticisms are always welcome.

REFERENCES

Azar, Betty Schrampfer. 1992. Fundamental of English Grammar. New Jersey: Prentice Hall

Downing, Angela. 1995. Syntax. Madrid: Universidad Complutense.

Frank, Marcella.1972. Modern English: A Practical Reference Guide. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Frank, Marcella. 1972. Modern English: Exercise for Non-Native Speaker Part II. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Langan, Jhon. 2003. Sentence Skills. New York: McGraw Hill.

McClelland, L.D. and Marcotte, P. H. 2003. Writing Matters. New York: McGraw-Hill Contemporary

Nawawi, Hadari. 1991. Metode Penelitian Bidang Sosial. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press

Oshima, Alice. 1991. Writing Academic English. New York: Longman Press

Rozakis, Laurie. 2003. English Grammar for Utterly Confused. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies

Wren and Martin, 2000. New Edition High School English Grammar & Composition. New Delhi: S. Chand & Company ltd.

Harold Foot. September 2003. Noun Clause. Retrieved from

No Author. Mei 2012. Online Newspaper. Retrieved from

No Author. 2012. The United Kingdom. Retrieved from