Johannes, 2009:157 states that morpheme, word or lexeme which are used in linguistics to describe a grammatical fact or to elaborate a general and new
theory, but they are not defined on the basis of a consensus among linguists. Wo d is the oldest of these te s.
c. The structure of sentences
In the structure of sentences, the important point is syntax. Syntax refers to rules that govern the order or arrangement of words. This arrangement
reveals meaningful relationship within and between sentences. The arrangement concerns word order, sentence organization, and relationship between words
Paul, 2009: 50. Paul argues that a better way to describe a sentence is that it must contain at least one noun phrase NP and a verb phrase VP. A noun
phrase NP contains at least a noun, with the option of one or more determiners. The verb phrase VP contains an auxiliary such as modal, tense, or
aspect and a verb, and maychontain noun phrase, embedded sentence, and prepositional phrase.
5. Language Function
There are several concepts which explain about language function. The writer presents 6 figures who explain about language function, they are
Hallida s o ept, Fi o hia o s o ept, B o a d Yule s o ept, Ja ko so s o ept, B o a d Yule s o ept, C stal s o ept,a d Pozzi s o ept.
a. Halliday’s on ept of language function.
Halliday 1977: 19 –20 stated that there are at least 7 function of
language, namely
instrumental, personal,
interactional, regulatory,
representational, heuristic, and imaginative function. 1
The instrumental function: is the function that language serves of satisf i g the hild s ate ial eeds, of e a li g hi to o tai the
goods and services he want s. This is the I a t fu tio of la guage.
2 The pe so al fu tio : is used to e p ess the hild s o u i ue ess;
to express his awareness of himself, in contradistinction to his environment, and then to mould that self-ultimately, language in the
development of the personality. This includes expression of personal feeling, of participation and withdrawal, of interest, and pleasure. We
ight all this the he e I o e fu tio of la guage. 3
The i te a tio al fu tio : is hat e ight gloss as the e a d ou function of language. This is language used by the child to interact with
those around him, particularly his mother and others that are important to him, and it includes meanings such as generalized
g eeti gs Hello, Pleased to eet ou. A d also responses to calls Yes? , as ell as o e spe ifi fo s.
4 The regulatory function: is the function of language as controlling the
behavior of others, something which the child recognizes very easily because language is used on him in this way: language is used to
control his own behavior and he soon learns that he can turn the
ta les a d use it to o t ol othe s. The egulato is the do as I tell ou fu tio of la guage.
5 Representational function: use language to explain something. It is the
one which is undoubtedly dominant in the adults use of language, and even more so in the adults image of what language , is one which does
not emerge in the life of the child until considerably after the others. We a also all i fo ati e fu tio o the I e got something to tell
ou fu tio . 6
Heuristic function: once the boundary between the child himself and his environment is beginning to be recognized, then the child can turn
towards the exploration of the environment; this is the heuristic function of
la guage, the tell e h fu tio that hi h late o develops into the whole range of questioning forms that the young
child uses. 7
Imaginative function: is the function of language whereby the child creates an environment of his own. As well as moving into, taking over
and exploring the universe which he finds around him. The child also uses language for creating a universe of his own. This we may call the
let s p ete d fu tio of la guage.
b. Fino hiaro’s on ept of language function.
