: PASSIVE VOICE

BAB XV : PASSIVE VOICE

A. Pengantar Pola kalimat pasif adalah :

To be + Verb-3

Bentuk – bentuk yang mungkin digunakan adalah : am, is, are, was, were, be dan been.

B. Pembentukan Kalimat Pasif

1. Kalimat pasif dari kalimat aktif bentuk Simple Present tense dan simple Past Tense. Pola : Am Is Are + V-3 Was Were

Contoh :

A : Hari kicks the ball over the fence. P : The ball is kicked over the fence.

Bila objeknya berupa objek pronoun, maka dalam kalimat pasifnya harus dikembalikan ke bentuk subjek pronoun (lihat contoh 1). Contoh :

A : The police asked me continuously. P : I was asked continuously.

Apabila dalam satu kalimat aktif terdapat dua obyek, maka keduanya dapat dijadikan sebagai subyek dalam kalimat pasif. Contoh :

A : The director tell us a new strategy of marketing. P1 : We are told a new strategy of marketing. P2 : a new strategy of marketing is told us.

2. Kalimat pasif dari pola kalimat continuous. Pola : Am Is Are + being – V3 Was Were

Contoh :

A : He is polishing the shoes now. P : The shoes are being polished now.

3. Kalimat pasif dari kalimat aktif yang menggunakan modal. Pola :

Modal + be + Verb-3

Contoh :

A : He will paint the doors. P : The doors will be painted.

4. Kalimat pasif dari kalimat aktif bentuk present dan past perfect. Pola :

Have / has / had + been + Verb-3

Contoh :

A : They have finished the job already. P : the job has been finished already.

5. Kalimat pasif dari kalimat yang menggunakan modal + Perfect Pola :

Modal + have + been + Verb-3

Contoh :

A : She should not have scolded him in public. P : he should not have been scolded in public.

6. Kalimat pasif bentuk pertanyaan (question)

a. Yes / No question Contoh :

1. A : Does he write an article? P : Is an article written (by him)?

2. A : He is writing an article P : Is an article being written (by him)?

3. A : He can write an article P : Can an article be written (by him)?

4. A : He has written an article P : Has an article been written (by him)?

Pola kalimat pasif bentuk pertanyaan adalah sebagai berikut : Pola I : untuk kalimat yang tidak memiliki modal.

To be + subject + Verb-3

(lihat contoh 1 dan 2) Pola II : untuk kalimat yang memiliki modal

Modal + subject + be + Verb-3

(lihat contoh 3 dan 4)

b. W-H Question : Contoh :

A : When does he write an article. P : When is an article written (by him)?

Pola dasar kalimat pasif bentuk pertanyaan yang menggunakan kata tanya (W-H Question) dapat dibuat hanya dengan menambahkan kata tanya pada masing-masng pola di atas.

Contoh lain :

A : Did they kill the famous general in the battle. P : Was the famous general killed in the battle?

Apabila subyek pada kalimat pasifnya tidak disebutkan, karena mungkin ditanyakan, maka to be pada kalimat tersebut langsung diikuti oleh kata kerja bentuk ketiga.(Verb-3). Contoh :

A : What do they do? P : What is done by them ?

Alternatif penambahan “not” dalam bentuk negatif adalah sebagai berikut :

A : she is not washing the dishes. P : Aren’t the dishes being washed (by her)?

7. Kalimat pasif yang menggunakan impersonal it Impersonal it digunakan untuk membuat kalimat pasif dari kalimat aktif yang menggunakan subyek berupa : people, everybody dan everyone yang diikuti oleh that clause. Contoh :

A : People say that Indonesia is a developing country. P : It said that Indonesia is developing country. Atau : Indonesia is said to be a developing country.

Kata kerja yang biasa digunakan dalam bentuk ini adalah acknowledge, claim, find, think, report, believe, consider, know, say.

8. Bentuk gerund yang mengandung arti pasif

Gerund yang diletakkan setalah kata kerja : need, require, want, won’t / wouldn’t, bear mengandung arti pasif. Contoh : The garden needs watering = The garden needs to be watering

SOAL-SOAL LATIHAN

1. Lessons should ___ more interesting for children.

A. be made

B. being made

C. make

D. makes

E. will make

2. The chickens ___ this morning.

A. were feed

B. were been feed

C. were fed

D. were been fed

E. was been fed

3. The house ___ by the old gardener.

A. will looking after

B. will bw looking after

C. will looked after

D. will look after

E. will be looked after

4. The window ___ by an unseen hand.

A. has opened

B. will open

C. opened

D. had been opened

E. had opened

5. This gun ___ in Birmingham.

A. was be made

B. was made

C. make

D. was been making

E. was being make

6. The book ___ beautifully.

A. is writing

B. is being written

C. is write

D. being written

E. be written

7. This fish ___ very well.

A. has been cooked

B. has cooked

C. be cooked

D. cooked

E. has being cooked

8. Some ink ___ on the carpet.

A. be spiling

B. being split

C. be split

D. have been split

E. has been split

9. The student ___ a very difficult question by the teacher.

A. has asked

B. asked

C. was asked

D. ask

E. asks

10. I became quite nervous when I knew that my speech ___.

A. was being recorded

B. to be recording

C. being recorded

D. to be recorded

E. was to record*