7
for this purpose all appropriate techniques of gathering evidence may be used.
5
“Evaluation goes beyond the statement of how much to concern it self with the question what value. It seeks to answer the pupil’s and teacher
question of what progress am I making???.
6
Richard I. Arends states that “ An important purpose of testing and evaluation is to provide students with
feedback on how they are doing”.
7
Finally, considering all those opinions above about evaluation, the writer can summarize that evaluation is a systematic process to provide
available information in order to make judgment and desirable decision of how to measure whether the objective is suitable or in line of the curriculum
used, and to find out the students’ improvement in teaching learning process and the teacher competences in teaching, and also the classroom climate.
B. The Definition of Test
When people hear the word assessment and evaluation, they often think right a way of tests because a test is one of the instruments of evaluation
for collecting the data. A test is a formal, systematic, usually paper-and-pencil procedure for gathering information about pupil’s performance.
8
While paper- and-pencil tests are one important tool for gathering assessment information.
A test is composed of a number of tasks or questions for students to respond. By analyzing the responses, the teacher can measure the student’s
achievement in the teaching learning process. While Lyle F. Bachman states that; “A test is a procedure designed to elicit certain behavior from which one
can make inferences about certain characteristics of an individual”.
9
While
5
Victor H. Noll, Introduction to Educational Measurement, Boston; Houghton Mifflin Company, 1965, 2
nd
edition, p.14
6
H.H.Remmers, N.L.Gage, J.Francis Rummel, A Practical Introduction to Measurement and Evaluation
, USA; Harper and Brother Publishers, 1960, p. 7
7
Richard I. Arends, Learning To Teach, New York, Mc.GrawHill International Edtion, 1989, p. 312
8
Peter W. Airasian, Classroom Assesment..., p. 9
9
Lyle F. Bachman, Fundamental Consideratin..., p. 20
8
Wilmar states that; “A test is a set of questions, each of which has a correct answer, that examinees usually answer orally or in writing”.
10
From those views of test, it can be concluded that a test can be instrument, techniques, or procedures to have the students’ respond through
tasks or performance in the form of set of questions must be answered in order to achieve the teaching-learning objectives. In short, a test is a measurement
instrument designed to assess a specific sample of individuals’ behavior. Test is also a way to deliver information, which is very useful for
many practitioners of education. “A test is a formal systematic procedure for gathering information”.
11
Therefore, test a device of educational is necessary in a teaching process, since testing and teaching can not be separated. Heaton
states that ”both testing and teaching are so closely interrelated that is virtually impossible to work in either field without being constantly concerned with the
other”.
12
The reason of that interrelation and connection between testing and teaching is the material tested, must be based on the material taught in order to
find out how far the students comprehension.
C. Type of Tests
