CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. The Definition of Evaluation
Evaluation is important for every process of anything that has done, because through evaluation we can find out the weakness which should be
revised and the strengths which should be improved, so does in the teaching learning process evaluation plays important role to contribute and provide
some information for making judgments about what is good or desirable as in order to improve the students’ knowledge in learning and the teacher’s
competence in teaching,. It is likely what Peter W. Airasian defines: “Evaluation is the process of judging the quality or value of a performance or
a course of action”.
1
Still in the same sense Lyle F. Bachman states “Evaluation can be defined as the systematic gathering of information for the
purpose of making decision”.
2
And evaluation includes, “the making judgments about the value, for some purpose, of ideas works, solutions,
methods, materials, etc”.
3
Hence, Benjamin S. Bloom,et.al states that “Evaluation is a system of quality control in which It may be determined at
each step in the teaching-learning process whether the process is effective or not, and if not what changes must be made to its effectiveness before it is too
late”.
4
Basically, the purpose of evaluation is to judge the worth of program or procedure, usually in terms of how well it has achieved its objectives and
1
Peter W. Airasian, Classroom Assesment; Concepts and Applications, 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020; McGraw-Hill, 2005}, 5
th
edition, p. 9
2
Lyle F. Bachman, Fundamental Confiderations..., p. 22
3
Julian C. Stanley, Measurement In Todays’ School, Englewood Cliffs; Prentice-Hill, Inc, 1964, p. 16
4
Benjamin S.Bloom, Handbook on Formative and Summative of Students Learning, London; Longman, 1971, p. 8
6
7
for this purpose all appropriate techniques of gathering evidence may be used.
5
“Evaluation goes beyond the statement of how much to concern it self with the question what value. It seeks to answer the pupil’s and teacher
question of what progress am I making???.
6
Richard I. Arends states that “ An important purpose of testing and evaluation is to provide students with
feedback on how they are doing”.
7
Finally, considering all those opinions above about evaluation, the writer can summarize that evaluation is a systematic process to provide
available information in order to make judgment and desirable decision of how to measure whether the objective is suitable or in line of the curriculum
used, and to find out the students’ improvement in teaching learning process and the teacher competences in teaching, and also the classroom climate.
B. The Definition of Test
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