CHAPTER II THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS
A. Definition of Subjunctive
There are some explanations from some linguists who explain about subjunctive differently for example in his book “English Grammar-A
Function-Based Introduction, Philadelphia T. Givon says, “Subjunctive is a
grammatical category that appears in many languages, but is normally ignored in English”
.
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a.
I’d appreciate it if he didn’t show up.
b.
We’d prefer it if she went somewhere else.
According to Michael Swan in his book “Practical English Usage” that the subjunctive is the name of a special group of verb-forms e g I were,
she be, he return which are used in a few cases to talk about events which
are not certain to happen - which we hope will happen, or imagine might happen, or want to happen.
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He gives some examples:
If I were rich, I would not work at all.
3
T. Givon,English Grammar A Function-Based Introduction,Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1993, vol. II, p. 274.
4
Michael Swan, Practical English Usage, London: Oxford University Press, 1980, p. 580.
J. D Murthy in his book “Brush up Your English Grammar” says,
Subjunctive is a verb which is used to express a wish, hope, desire, intention
or resolution in noun clause in the present and improbability in the past.
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www.wikipedia.orgwikiSubjunctive says
in grammar,
the subjunctive mood sometimes referred to as the conjunctive mood is a verb
mood that exists in many languages. It is typically used in dependent clauses to expresses wishes, commands, emotion, possibility, judgment, necessity, or
statements that are contrary to fact at present. The details of subjunctive use vary from language to language.
The past subjunctive is used after the verb to wish
: I wish he were here or I wished he were there. This use of the subjunctive is sometimes known as the volitional subjunctive.
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www.telus.netlinguisticsissuessubjunctive says, subjunctive is a
special kind of present tense, using an infinitive that has no –s in the third person singular. It is often used when talking about something that somebody
must do.
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I insist that your friend leave this house at once.
The subjunctive is a formal construction. It is more commonly used in American English than in British English, and more often in the written form
5
J. D Murthy, Brush up Your English Grammar, New Delhi: Nice Printing Press, 2000 p. 104.
6
http:www.wikipedia.orgwikiSubjunctive. Accessed on May, 20, 2008. p.1.
7
http:www.telus.netlinguisticsissuessubjunctive. Accessed on May, 20,2008. p.1.
than in the spoken form. It was used much more frequently in old English, but many of these forms have now disappeared in modern English.
Faidlal Rahman Ali, SE. Par says in his book “Fundamental of
English Grammar” A practical Guide, Subjunctive is a form of wish which is used to express an event or condition hoped happen, but in fact it does not
happen. The pattern of subjunctive is wish, as if, as though, if only, would rather.
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B. Kinds of Subjunctive
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