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3.3 Collecting Data Technique
The research instrument that will be used is a summated Likert scale: 1. Adapted adjustment scale, and
2. A revised UCLA Loneliness scale. Both of these scales consists of a four-point frequency scale: that is: Never,
Rarely, Sometimes, and Often. The respondent will be asked to choose one of the four available alternative answers which describe them the best and not
based on other peoples opinion. The Likert model scale that will be distributed to the students as follows:
Table 3.1 The 4-point Likert scale:
No Category
Favorable Unfavorable
1. Never
1 4
2 Rarely
2 3
3. Sometimes
3 3
4. Often
4 1
The adapted adjustment scales consists of 53 items. In this research, the adapted adjustment scale uses the summated Likert scale, which has been
adapted according to the adjustment theory of Watson Tharp 1973, where the adjustment process can be described according to three aspects:
1. The self. It can be divided into sub-topics such as: self-control, demands, and the ability to be accepted.
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2. Others. It can be divided into sub-topics such as: social skills, internal behavior, language, and food.
3. Environment. The environment will be divided into sub-topics such as: cultural patterns, relationships, and interpersonal communication.
Table 3.2 Blue Print self-adapted adjustment scale.
No Aspect Indicator
Favorable Unfavorable
Total
1 Self
Self-control 13, 26, 50
1, 40, 47 6
Demands 8, 27, 51
2, 6, 9, 15, 45
8 Ability to be accepted
14, 17, 30 3, 16, 46
6 2
Others Social skills
18, 19, 23 4, 20, 21
6 Internal behavior
31, 32, 33 28, 29
5 Language
5, 22,36 34, 35, 38
6 Food
7, 24 37, 41
4 3
Environ ment
Cultural patterns 10, 42
43, 44 4
Relationships 11, 25
39, 48 4
Interpersonal communication
49, 52 12, 53
4 Total
26 27
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On the 31 December 2009, the researcher performed a first try-out with a reliability of 0.84. Even though the results that were obtained, was in the
reliable category, some of the indicators were not on the expectancy validity pattern of 0.3 score rate. So this factor made it impossible for the researcher
to continue with the field test, but instead had to perform a second try on the 9
th
of January 2010. After completing the second try-out, the researcher
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obtained a reliability score of 0.85, with a validity level of 0.31.The respondents were the foreign students of State Islamic University Syarif
Hidayatullah Jakarta. In order to get the validity and reliability of the items, a computerized SPSS version11.5 for windows was used. This scale consisted
of 53 items of which 26 were tested as invalid items whereas the remaining 27 items were tested as valid. The 27 valid items are stated below as follows:
Table 3.3 Blue Print self-adapted adjustment scale.
No Aspect Indicator
Favorable Unfavorable
Total
1 Self
Self-control 13, 26, 50
1, 40, 47 6
Demands 8, 27, 51
2, 6, 9,15, 45
8 Ability to be accepted
14, 17, 30 3, 16, 46
6 2
Others Social skills
18, 19, 23 4, 20, 21
6 Internal behavior
31, 32, 33 28, 29
5 Language
5, 22,36 34, 35, 38
6 Food
7, 24 37, 41
4 3
Environ ment
Cultural patterns 10, 42
43, 44 4
Relationships 11, 25
39, 48 4
Interpersonal communication
49, 52 12, 53
4 Total
26 27
53 items that are invalid.
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Table 3.4 Blue Print self-adapted adjustment scale was used for field test.
No Aspect Indicator
Favorable Unfavorable
Total
1 Self
Self-control 4, 11
1, 22, 26 5
Demands 12
- 1
Ability to be accepted 6, 14
5, 25 4
2 Others
Social skills 7, 8
- 2
Internal behavior 15, 16
13 3
Language 2, 19
17,18, 21 5
Food 9
20 2
3 Environ
ment Cultural patterns
3, 23 24
3 Relationships
10 -
1
Interpersonal communication
27 -
1 Total
16 11
27 Items in table 3.4 was used as the field-test.
The revised UCLA Loneliness scale
This scale is based on Peplau Perlman 1982 loneliness theory. It was developed by D. Russel, L. A Peplau, and C, E Cutrona in 1980, to measure
loneliness that is considered to be an emotional response, where there is a difference between social relations that is being experienced and expected.
The revised UCLA Loneliness scale consists of 20 items. A revised UCLA Loneliness Scale was developed based on the correlations of the individual
items with the loneliness self-labeling index. The items consists of 10
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positively worded and 10 negatively worded items with the highest correlations were chosen for the final measure. In the Russel et al. 1980
studies, coefficient alpha for the 20-item revised scale Version 2 was 0.94. Similar figures have been obtained by other investigators. As mentioned
above, alpha was 0.75 for the four item survey version of the scale in study of working adults although Hays DiMattco, 1987, obtained a lower alpha,
0.63, for this brief version in their study of 199 college students. An eight- item short form developed by Hays and DiMattco yielded an alpha of 0.84,
and the short form correlated 0.91 with the 20-item version. Coefficient alpha’s for Version 3 of the scale were: 0,92 for college students. And 0,94 for
nurses, 0.89 for teachers and 0.89 for elderly Russel Cutrona.
With results of a test-retest Jones cited in Russel et al., 1978 obtained a two-month test-retest correlation of 0.73 using the original version of the
scale. Cutrona, 1982 obtained a correlation of 0.62 over a 7-month in a longitudinal study of college freshman. In the elderly sample of Russel, Kao
and Cutrona, 1987, a one year test-retest correlation of 0.73 was obtained using the third version of the scale.
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Table 3.5 Blue Print The Revised UCLA Loneliness scale
No Aspect
Indicator Favorable
Unfavorable Total
1 affective
Feelings of sociability
13, 14, 17 4, 9, 16
6 2
Motivational External
relationships 2, 12,
15, 19, 4
3 Cognitive
Interpersonal relationships
11, 18 1, 5,
4 4
Behavioral Interaction
3, 8 6, 20
6 Assertive
behavior 7
10 Total
20
3.4 Research instrument