Absence of corresponding distinctions in primary language Presence of distinction only in primary language
digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id
ʒ
+ ɖ
+
ʈ
- Ɂ
-
Table 2.1 presents the comparison between English and Javanese sounds. The data were made by the researcher after collecting and analyzing
data regard to manner of articulation, place of articulation and phonation type of both languages.
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From the table 2.1, the sign check means the
language having the consonant sounds provided, and then + means voiced consonant while - means voiceless consonant. From the table 2.1, only h
sound is different on both languages; English produces this sound as voiced sound while Javanese produce this sound as voiceless sound.
There are 30 consonant sounds represented to be compared to both languages between English and Javanese. The 30 sounds are taken by each
language, and then the writer wants to investigate whether there is the presence of consonant sound differences which belong to both languages
compared. To find phonological interference on spoken English by Javanese speaker, investigating the presence of difference on both languages become
crucial thing in this study; the presence of difference may result to the phenomenon of language interference. Initially, the numbers of consonant of
12
George Yule. The Study of Language: Fourth edition. Cambridge: Cambridge university press, 2006. 26. combining to the study of Kirchner on Phonology
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Abdul Chaer. Linguistik Umum. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta, 1994 resumed by Dwi Lestari combining to website id.wikipedia.orgwikiBahasa_Jawa
digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id
both languages are different to other; English has 24 consonants while Javanese has 20 consonants.
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The sounds like English consonant sounds are exposure to Javanese, but limited sounds are included to the Javanese
word for instance the sounds of w v f z x. Furthermore, we can see in table 2.1 there are missing sounds on both
languages. English has no c y ɲ ɖ ʈ Ɂ sounds which existing in Javanese. c
often pronounced as k in English for example ‘cat’ pronounced as kæt, ‘kick’ pronounced as kɪk. y often called semi-vowel, this sound must be
followed by vowel sounds for instance ‘yellow’ jeloʊ and ‘yawn’ jɔ:n, also it is often pronounced like j. The other sounds
ɲ ɖ ʈ Ɂ are only existed in Javanese, for instance
ɲ; ɲǝlɔɁ ‘call’, ɖ; ɖahar ‘eat’, ʈ; pʊ ʈʊ ‘grandchild’, and Ɂ; ɛlɛɁ ‘ugly’.
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In contrary, Javanese has no ʃ ʧ ɵ ð ʤ
ʒ which are only existed in English, this may affect Javanese learner having difficulty in producing those sounds in English word.
Table 2.2 Consonant system both English and Javanese
Sounds English
Javanese
b Bilabial-stop
Bilabial-stop c
- Palatal-affricative
d Alveolar-stop
Dental-stop
14
David deterding. How many consonant sounds are there in English?. STETS language Communication Review. Vol. 4. No 1, 2005.
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Abdul Chaer. Linguistic……………………………………………………
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Abdul Chaer. Linguistic……………………………………………………