31
C. Research Participants
Since this research employed survey as its method, the participants were selected out of a prevailing population in ELESP of Sanata Dharma University. Ary
et al. 2010 define population as the amount of people, objects and events that exist in a specific area p. 148. Since it was impractical to involve the entire population,
the researcher selected some people from the population in order to denote the population. Thus, a sampling was used. A sample, according to Ary et al. 2010, is
a part of the population from which the researcher could make generalizations p. 148. The population of the target research was about 660 heterogeneous students,
each batch was composed of 165 students. Since the 660 students were the target population, it means to say that the accessible population was 165 students who
belonged to batch 2011. To avoid an illegitimate sample, the researcher ensured that the population
was valid by crosschecking the number of the students with the help from administration staff. The researcher then decided that the sample would be 116
students from the sixth semester and acquired the list of available classes in which the students belonged. That number was compelling since it was, although not
directly, based on 95 confidence level Johnson Christensen, 2012: 232. Due to the impracticality in applying a random sampling, the researcher fully employed
a convenience sampling that was of ease because the population was already divided into classes. A random sampling was not the best option because it was
considered time-consuming and it would have been difficult for the researcher to assemble random participats in one room. In 2012, Hibberts, Johnson Hudson
32 stated that a convenience sampling is efficient since the researcher can select the
participants quickly p. 66. After all sampling procedure had been carried out, the researcher delivered
an oral consent form when conducting the research. A consent form is the brief description of the research given to research participants so that they are aware of
the nature, purposes, risks, and benefits of the research Johnson Christensen, 2012: 107. The use of consent form ensures that the participants willingly and
knowingly participated in the research.
D. Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
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