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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter focuses on the methodology applied in this study. The discussion involves the research method, research setting, research participants,
instruments, data analysis technique, and procedures.
A. Research Method
This study was intended to find answer to the problem formulated. The writer tried to investigate how board game can increase the students „speaking
ability at the eleventh grade of Cookery major of Saint Pius X Vocational High School Magelang in 2015-2016.
In order to solve the problems, the writer needed to employ a method. The method used Classroom Action Research CAR. The Classroom Action Research
designed to help a teacher to find out what is happening in his or her classroom, and to use that information to make wise decisions for the future. According to
Aqib 2006 CAR is “a scrutiny of the activities that deliberately raised and
occurs in the classroom ”. Moreover, he added that CAR is a strategic way for
teachers to improve educational services which must be held in the context of classroom learning process and in the school improvement as well. In short, CAR
is a research that is conducted by the teachers in their classroom or school where they are teaching in order to achieve improvement of learning process.
CAR is aimed to continually improve and enhance classroom activities and practices, therefore the improvement of the quality of instructional,
23 improvement of teacher skills, improvement of relevance, and improvement of
efficiency in instructional management, and growing culture research on teachers can be achieved. Some benefits of doing CAR for the teachers associated with
learning components are learning innovation, curriculum development both at the school and classroom level, and improving the professionalism of teachers Aqib,
2006:18. The classroom action research that used in this study was Kemmis and
Taggart model as cited in Zainal 2006. Kemmis and Taggart propose that classroom action research described as a dynamic process that includes four steps
in a cycle which are planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. After a cycle has been implemented, a reflection will be performed whether the result has achieved
the expectation or not. If the expectation has not been reached, a revision should be made. The revisions consist of a set of planning and acting that will be
conducted in class for next cycle. The cycle is depicted in figure 1. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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Figure1. The Kemmis and Taggart‟s model Zainal, 2006.
Furthermore, according to Taggart as cited in Zainal 2006: 30-33 the phases of CAR are stated as follows:
1. Action plan
The first step is to plan carefully and thoroughly Suyadi, 2010. It is a plan to conduct the treatment. In order to improve speaking ability, the researcher used
Snake and Ladders board game. The step includes of making learning scenario, preparing facilities that support the classroom needs if an observation instrument
is used, it is necessary to state clearly how to make it, who will use it and when it will be used, preparing an instrument to record and analyze data about the
process and the result of an action Taggart in Zainal, 2006:33. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
25 2.
Action The second stage of Classroom Action Research is an action. The action
scenario that has been planned will be conducted in actual time Taggart in Zainal, 2006.
3. Observation
In the observation, recording the data on the process and the result of action are conducted. The aim of observation is gathering evidence of result of action in
order to be evaluated that will be a guidance to do the reflection Taggart in Zainal, 2006. In doing observation, the researcher will use some instruments
which are the observation sheets, the questionnaire and interview to gather the data.
4. Reflection
In the reflection part the data about the process, problem and threat will be investigated. It will be continued the reflecting on effects of action that was done
on the learning process Taggart in Zainal, 2006. The researcher uses interview in doing the reflection beside the self reflection.
B. Research Setting
The setting of the study refers to the place and time to conduct the study. This study had been conducted at the first semester of the eleventh grade
of Cokery department of Vocational High School of Saint Pius X Magelang. In Saint Pius X Magelang, English subject is given four hours a week as the 2006
curriculum. The researcher did classroom
action research
during July to September 2015 in the academic year of 2015 - 2016. The preparation of
26 the action research was conducted in July to the middle of August 2015. While,
the action research was conducted in the middle of August to September 2015.
C. Research Participants
The participants of the study were the eleventh grade of Cookery Department of Saint Pius X Vocational High School Magelang in the school year
of 2015-2016. The researcher only took one class, eleventh grade of Cookery
Department, as the subject of the study. It consisted of 38 students. D.
Data Gathering Technique
The researcher used observation, interview, questionnaire and the tests, in collecting data. In this study, the researcher used only the result of the increasing
students‟ speaking ability through snakes and ladders board game. 1.
Observation The first step in collecting data was observation of the class and the class
management, the students‟ problem in learning English, the teacher technique, and the context of teaching material. Those were done before an action. Then, the
researcher observed the progress of an action research as well. 2.
Test Tes
t is an instrument to collect data of student‟s achievement on learning, either through an oral, written, and deed Mulyasa, 2011. In the research the tests
used to measure speaking skill. The were two kinds of tests given namely pre-test and post-test. Pre-test was given only in cycle 1 before teaching process began.
While post-tests were conducted at the end of cycle 1 and cycle 2. The pre-test was students‟ performance to present their daily activities in front of the class.
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