to- Contraction The Clitics Forms

i. Is The first word that have contracted is are it’s. It is also the largest auxiliary reduction clitics in the data. The uncontracted form of it’s is it is. If we look at the process of the reduction, the i in is is simply deleted. However, the exact process of the reduction can be seen in phonetic transcription. The Longman Pronunciation Dictionary is used to transcribe the phonetic transcription. The phonological rule can be written to ɪt + ɪz  [ɪts]. It is the same case with the clitic words what’s and that’s. The process of reduction is also by omitting i in is. Therefore, the phonological rule is written as wɒ t + ɪz  [wɒ ts], and for that’s the phonological rule is written as ðæt + ɪz  [ðæts]. Based on the three transcriptions ɪ in ɪz is deleted and z becomes s because in front of z is a voiceless consonant sound t. Therefore, the contracted form becomes s, a voiceless sound too. Therefore, there are two morphophonemic processes that can be applied in this contraction. The first process is by omitting the phoneme in the contracted word. This process named as loss of phonemes. The second process is by changing the feature of the phoneme in the contracted word to be identical with the head. This process named as simple change of phoneme. Then, she’s becomes the next word from the data. The uncontracted form of she’s is she is. The process of reduction is same as the previous words. It is also by deleting i in is. The phonological rule can be written as ʃ i: + ɪz  [ʃ i:z]. There is also here’s, he’s, and who’s which have the same case with she’s. The process of reduction is once more the same. That is by deleting i in is. The phonological rule is written as hɪə + iz  [hɪəz], for he’s the phonological transcription is written as hi: + ɪz  [hi:z], and for who’s the transcription is written as hu: + ɪz  [hu:z]. From the three notations, the ɪ in ɪz is also deleted and the z remains unchanged because it is preceded by a vowel sound. As a result, the morphophonemic process that can be applied is loss of phonemes. The next word is there’s. The uncontracted form of there’s is there is. Same as the previous, the process of the reduction is by simply deleting i in is. However, it is not that simple if we look at the phonological rule. The rule is written as ðer + ɪz  [ðerz]. From the transcription, we can see that ɪ in ɪz is deleted. The z is not changing because it is preceded by r which is a voiced sound same as r. In this form, there is only one morphophonemic process occurred. It is loss of phonemes. ii. Has There are three words that have contracted has. They are it’s, she’s, and Sue nie’s been. The first word to be analyzed is it’s. The uncontracted form of it’s is it has. By looking at it, there are two letters that is omitted, h and a in has. A phonological transcription is used in order to get the exact reduction process of this clitic. The transcription can be written to ɪt + hæz  [ɪts]. If we compared the transcription with the previous it’s it is, it has the same transcription. The phoneme h and æ are deleted and z becomes s because it is preceded by t which is a voiceless sound. Therefore, it changes into a voiceless sound too. In this cliticization, there are two the morphophonemic process that can be applied. The first process is loss of phonemes. That is by omitting the phoneme in the contracted word. The second process is simple change of phoneme. That is by