All 10 automobiles failed the inspection. b. Exactly 6 of the 10 failed the inspection.
e. Use a computer program if available to compute the exact probability that less than
six sales are made. Compare this result with your calculations in c and d. 4.52 A certain birth defect occurs in 1 of every 10,000 births. In the next 5,000 births at a major hospital, what is the probability that at least one baby will have the defect? What assumptions are required to calculate this probability? 4.10 A Continuous Probability Distribution: The Normal Distribution 4.53 Use Table 1 of the Appendix to find the area under the normal curve between these values:a. z ⫽ 0 and z ⫽ 1.6 b. z ⫽ 0 and z ⫽ 2.3
4.54 Repeat Exercise 4.53 for these values: a. z ⫽ .7 and z ⫽ 1.7
b. z ⫽ ⫺1.2 and z ⫽ 0 4.55 Repeat Exercise 4.53 for these values:
a. z ⫽ ⫺1.29 and z ⫽ 0 b. z ⫽ ⫺.77 and z ⫽ 1.2
4.56 Repeat Exercise 4.53 for these values: a. z ⫽ ⫺1.35 and z ⫽ ⫺.21
b. z ⫽ ⫺.37 and z ⫽ ⫺1.20 4.57 Find the probability that z is greater than 1.75.
4.58 Find the probability that z is less than 1.14. 4.59 Find a value for z, say z
, such that Pz ⬎ z ⫽ .5.4.60 Find a value for z, say z , such that Pz ⬎ z
⫽ .025.4.61 Find a value for z, say z , such that Pz ⬎ z
⫽ .0089.4.62 Find a value for z, say z , such that Pz ⬎ z
⫽ .05.4.63 Find a value for z, say z , such that P⫺z
⬍ z ⬍ z ⫽ .95. 4.64 Let y be a normal random variable with mean equal to 100 and standard deviation equal to 8. Find the following probabilities:a. Py ⬎ 100 b. Py ⬎ 105
c. Py ⬍ 110 d. P88 ⬍ y ⬍ 120
e. P100 ⬍ y ⬍ 108
4.65 Let y be a normal random variable with m ⫽ 500 and s ⫽ 100. Find the following proba- bilities:a. P500 ⬍ y ⬍ 665 b. Py ⬎ 665
c. P304 ⬍ y ⬍ 665 d. k such that P500 ⫺ k ⬍ y ⬍ 500 ⫹ k ⫽ .60
4.66 Suppose that y is a normal random variable with m ⫽ 100 and s ⫽ 15. a. Show that y ⬍ 115 is equivalent to z ⬍ 1.b. Convert y ⬎ 85 to the z-score equivalent. c. Find Py ⬍ 115 and Py ⬎ 85.
d. Find Py ⬎ 106, Py ⬍ 94, and P94 ⬍ y ⬍ 106. e. Find Py ⬍ 70, Py ⬎ 130, and P70 ⬍ y ⬍ 130.4.67 Find the value of z for these areas. a. an area .025 to the right of z
b. an area .05 to the left of z
Parts
» Introduction 2 Why Study Statistics? 6
» Some Current Applications of Statistics 8 A Note to the Student 12
» Summary 13 Exercises 13 Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» Introduction and Abstract of Research Study 16 Observational Studies 18
» Sampling Designs for Surveys 24 Experimental Studies 30
» Designs for Experimental Studies 35 Research Study: Exit Polls versus Election Results 46
» Summary 47 Exercises 48 Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» Introduction and Abstract of Research Study 56 Calculators, Computers, and Software Systems 61
» Describing Data on a Single Variable: Measures of Variability 85 The Boxplot 97
» Summary and Key Formulas 116 Introduction and Abstract of Research Study 140
» Finding the Probability of an Event 144 Basic Event Relations and Probability Laws 146
» Conditional Probability and Independence 149 Bayes’ Formula 152
» Variables: Discrete and Continuous 155 Probability Distributions for Discrete Random Variables 157
» A Continuous Probability Distribution: The Normal Distribution 171 Random Sampling 178
» Sampling Distributions 181 Normal Approximation to the Binomial 191
» Minitab Instructions 201 Summary and Key Formulas 203
» Exercises 203 Introduction and Abstract of Research Study 222
» Estimation of m 225 Choosing the Sample Size for Estimating m 230
» A Statistical Test for m 232 Research Study: Effects of Oil Spill on Plant Growth 325
» Summary and Key Formulas 330 Introduction and Abstract of Research Study 360
» Summary and Key Formulas 386 Introduction and Abstract of Research Study 402
» Checking on the AOV Conditions 416 An Alternative Analysis: Transformations of the Data 421
» Summary and Key Formulas 436 Introduction and Abstract of Research Study 451
» Measuring Strength of Relation 528 Odds and Odds Ratios 530
» Summary and Key Formulas 545 Introduction and Abstract of Research Study 572
» Estimating Model Parameters 581 Inferences about Regression Parameters 590
» Predicting New y Values Using Regression 594 Examining Lack of Fit in Linear Regression 598
» The Inverse Regression Problem Calibration 605 Correlation 608
» Research Study: Two Methods for Detecting E. coli 616 Summary and Key Formulas 621
» Introduction and Abstract of Research Study 664 The General Linear Model 674
» Estimating Multiple Regression Coefficients 675 Inferences in Multiple Regression 683
» Testing a Subset of Regression Coefficients 691 Introduction and Abstract of Research Study 878
» The Extrapolation Problem 1023 Introduction and Abstract of Research Study 1091
» Exercises 1160 Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» Introduction Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» Why Study Statistics? Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» Some Current Applications of Statistics
» Introduction and Abstract of Research Study
» Observational Studies Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» Sampling Designs for Surveys
» Experimental Studies Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» Designs for Experimental Studies
» Research Study: Exit Polls versus Election Results
» Summary Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» Exercises Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» A prospective study is conducted to study the relationship between incidence of
» A study was conducted to examine the possible relationship between coronary disease
» A hospital introduces a new screening procedure to identify patients suffering from
» A high school mathematics teacher is convinced that a new software program will
» Do you think the two types of surveys will yield similar results on the percentage of
» What types of biases may be introduced into each of the surveys? Edu.
» Each name is randomly assigned a number. The names with numbers 1 through 1,000
» The Environmental Protection Agency EPA is required to inspect landfills in the
» factors b. factor levels blocks d. experimental unit measurement unit f. replications treatments
» A horticulturalist is measuring the vitamin C concentration in oranges in an orchard
» A medical specialist wants to compare two different treatments T
» In the design described in b make the following change. Within each hospital, the
» An experiment is planned to compare three types of schools—public, private-
» measurement unit f. replications
» treatments Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» The 48 treatments comprised 3, 4, and 4 levels of fertilizers N, P, and K, respectively,
» Ten different software packages were randomly assigned to 30 graduate students. The
» Four different glazes are applied to clay pots at two different thicknesses. The kiln
» There are two possible experimental designs. Design A would use a random sample
» When asked how the experiment is going, the researcher replies that one recipe smelled
» What information should be collected from the workers? Bus.
» How would you obtain a list of private doctors and medical facilities so that a sample
» What are some possible sources for determining the population growth and health
» How could you sample the population of health care facilities and types of private
» Calculators, Computers, and Software Systems
» Describing Data on a Single Variable: Graphical Methods
» Describing Data on a Single Variable:
» The Boxplot Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» Summarizing Data from More Than One Variable:
» Research Study: Controlling for Student Background
» Construct a pie chart for these dat b. Construct a bar chart for these dat
» If one of these 25 days were selected at random, what would be the chance probability
» Would you describe per capita income as being fairly homogenous across the
» Construct separate relative frequency histograms for the survival times of both the
» Compare the two histograms. Does the new therapy appear to generate a longer
» Plot the defense expenditures time-series data and describe any trends across the time
» Plot the four separate time series and describe any trends in the separate time
» Do the trends appear to imply a narrowing in the differences between male and
» Construct a relative frequency histogram plot for the homeownership data given in the
» How could Congress use the information in these plots for writing tax laws that allow
» Describing Data on a Single Variable: Measures of Central Tendency
» What does the relationship among the three measures of center indicate about the
» Which of the three measures would you recommend as the most appropriate repre-
» Using your results from parts a and b, comment on the relative sensitivity of the
» Which measure, mean or median, would you recommend as the most appropriate
» What measure or measures best summarize the center of these distributions?
» Describing Data on a Single Variable: Measures of Variability
» Verify that the mean years’ experience is 5 years. Does this value appear to ade-
» Verify that c. Calculate the sample variance and standard deviation for the experience data.
» Calculate the coefficient of variation CV for both the racer’s age and their years of
» Estimate the standard deviations for both the racer’s age and their years of experience
» Might another measure of variability be better to compare luxury and budget hotel
» Generate a time-series plot of the mercury concentrations and place lines for both
» Select the most appropriate measure of center for the mercury concentrations. Compare
» Compare the variability in mercury concentrations at the two sites. Use the CV in
» When comparing the center and variability of the two sites, should the years
» From these graphs, determine the median, lower quartile, and upper quartile for the
» Comment on the similarities and differences in the distributions of daily costs for the
» Compare the mean and median for the 3 years of dat Which value, mean or median,
» Compare the degree of variability in homeownership rates over the 3 years. Soc.
» Use this side-by-side boxplot to discuss changes in the median homeownership rate
» Use this side-by-side boxplot to discuss changes in the variation in these rates over the
» Construct the intervals Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» Why do you think the Empirical Rule and your percentages do not match well? Edu.
» Data analysts often find it easier to work with mound-shaped relative frequency his-
» Refer to the data of Exercise 3.49. a. Compute the sample median and the mode.
» Refer to the data of Exercise 3.49. a. Compute the interquartile range.
» Find the 20th percentile for the homeownership percentage and interpret this value
» Congress wants to designate those states that have the highest homeownership percent-
» Similarly identify those states that fall into the upper 10th percentile of homeownership
» Can the combined median be calculated from the medians for each number of members? Gov.
» The DJIA is a summary of data. Does the DJIA provide information about a popula-
» Interpret the values 62, 32.8, 41.3, and 7.8 in the upper left cell of the cross tabulation.
» Does there appear to be a difference in the relationships between the seizure counts
» Describe the type of apparent differences, if any, that you found in a.
» Predict the effect of removing the patient with ID 207 from the data set on the size of
» Using a computer program, compute the correlations with patient ID 207 removed
» Is there support for the same conclusions for the math scores as obtained for the read-
» If the conclusions are different, why do you suppose this has happened? Med.
» Why is it not possible to conclude that large relative values for minority and
» List several variables related to the teachers and students in the schools which may be
» Construct a scatterplot of the number of AIDS cases versus the number of tuberculo-
» Compute the correlation between the number of AIDS cases and the number of
» Why do you think there may be a correlation between these two diseases? Med.
» Compute the correlation between the number of syphilis cases and the number of
» Identify the states having number of tuberculosis cases that are above the 90th
» Compute the correlation coefficient for this data set. Is there a strong or weak rela-
» Finding the Probability of an Event
» Basic Event Relations and Probability Laws
» b. Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» Conditional Probability and Independence
» Bayes’ Formula Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» Variables: Discrete and Continuous
» Probability Distributions for Discrete Random Variables
» Two Discrete Random Variables:
» Probability Distributions for Continuous
» A Continuous Probability Distribution:
» Random Sampling Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» Sampling Distributions Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» Normal Approximation to the Binomial
» Evaluating Whether or Not a Population
» Research Study: Inferences about Performance-
» Minitab Instructions Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» The National Angus Association has stated that there is a 60
» The quality control section of a large chemical manufacturing company has under-
» A new blend of coffee is being contemplated for release by the marketing division of a
» The probability that a customer will receive a package the day after it was sent by a
» The sportscaster in College Station, Texas, states that the probability that the Aggies
» Let a two-digit number represent an individual running of the screening test. Which
» If we generate 2,000 sets of 20 two-digit numbers, how can the outcomes of this simula-
» The state consumers affairs office provided the following information on the frequency of
» What is the probability that a randomly selected car will need some repairs?
» Suppose you purchase a lottery ticket. What is the probability that your 3-digit number
» Which of the probability approaches subjective, classical, or relative frequency did
» In Exercise 4.10, assume that each one of the outcomes has probability 1
» A: Observing exactly 1 head b. B: Observing 1 or more heads
» C: Observing no heads 4.12 For Exercise 4.11:
» A: Observe a 6 b. B: Observe an odd number
» C: Observe a number greater than 3 d. D: Observe an even number and a number greater than 2
» Complement of A b. Either A or B
» A volunteer blood donor walks into a Red Cross Blood office. What is the probability
» It is brown. b. It is red or green.
» It is not blue. d. It is both red and brown. b.
» Refer to Exercise 4.11. a. Are the events A and B independent? Why or why not?
» Which pairs of the events A B, B C, and A C are mutually exclusive? Justify
» Describe in words the event T
» Compute the probability of the occurrence of the event T
» What is the probability that a professional selected at random would accept the
» What is the probability that a professional selected at random is part of a two-
» Refer to Exercise 4.23 a. Are events A and B independent?
» Find Find PA, PB, and PC. b. Find , , and .
» Find , , Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» Suppose two customers are chosen at random from the list of all customers. What is
» Find the probability that a customer selected at random will pay two consecutive
» Find the probability that a customer selected at random will pay neither of two
» Find the probability that a customer chosen at random will pay exactly one month in full.
» In Example 4.4, compute the probability that the test incorrectly identifies the defects D
» Find the probability that a patient truly did not have appendicitis given that the radio-
» The thickness of ice 20 feet from the shoreline in Lake Superior during a random day
» Is the number of cars running a red light during a given light cycle a discrete or
» Is the time between the light turning red and the last car passing through the inter-
» Are the number of students in class responding Strongly agree a continuous or discrete
» Are the percent of students in class responding Strongly agree a continuous or discrete
» Construct a graph of Py. b. Find .
» Find . d. Find . Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» Suppose the fire station must call for additional equipment from a neighboring city
» A biologist randomly selects 10 portions of water, each equal to .1 cm
» All 10 automobiles failed the inspection. b. Exactly 6 of the 10 failed the inspection.
» Six or more failed the inspection. d. All 10 passed the inspection.
» Two are rated as outstanding. b. Two or more are rated as outstanding.
» Py ⫽ 1 given m ⫽ 3.0 b. Py ⬎ 1 given m ⫽ 2.5
» No cars arrive. b. More than one car arrives.
» Write an expression for the probability that there are less than six sales, do not com-
» What assumptions are needed to write the expression in part a?
» Use a computer program if available to compute the exact probability that less than
» z ⫽ 0 and z ⫽ 1.6 b. z ⫽ 0 and z ⫽ 2.3
» Repeat Exercise 4.53 for these values: a. z ⫽ .7 and z ⫽ 1.7
» z ⫽ ⫺1.2 and z ⫽ 0 4.55 Repeat Exercise 4.53 for these values:
» z ⫽ ⫺1.29 and z ⫽ 0 b. z ⫽ ⫺.77 and z ⫽ 1.2
» Repeat Exercise 4.53 for these values: a. z ⫽ ⫺1.35 and z ⫽ ⫺.21
» z ⫽ ⫺.37 and z ⫽ ⫺1.20 4.57 Find the probability that z is greater than 1.75.
» Find the probability that z is less than 1.14. 4.59 Find a value for z, say z
» Find a value for z, say z , such that Pz ⬎ z
» Find a value for z, say z , such that P⫺z
» Py ⬎ 100 b. Py ⬎ 105 Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» P100 ⬍ y ⬍ 108 Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» P304 ⬍ y ⬍ 665 d. k such that P500 ⫺ k ⬍ y ⬍ 500 ⫹ k ⫽ .60
» Convert y ⬎ 85 to the z-score equivalent. c. Find Py ⬍ 115 and Py ⬎ 85.
» Find the value of z for these areas. a. an area .025 to the right of z
» an area .05 to the left of z
» Find the probability of observing a value of z greater than these values. a. 1.96
» 2.21 c. ⫺2.86 Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» ⫺0.73 Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» What is the probability that the elapsed time between submission and reimbursement
» If you had a travel voucher submitted more than 55 days ago, what might you
» Greater than 600 b. Greater than 700
» Less than 450 d. Between 450 and 600
» Py ⬍ 200 b. Py ⬎ 100 Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» Using either a random number table or a computer program, generate a second ran-
» Give several reasons why you need to generate a different set of random numbers for
» Refer to Exercise 4.77. Describe the sampling distribution for the sample sum . Is it un-
» What fraction of the patients scored between 800 and 1,100? b. Less than 800?
» Greater than 1,200? So Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» Use the Empirical Rule to describe the distribution of y, the number of patients
» If the facility was built with a 160-patient capacity, what fraction of the weeks might
» What proportion of the population spends more than 7 hours per day watching
» In a 1998 study of television viewing, a random sample of 500 adults reported that the
» If the EPA mandates that a nitrogen oxide level of 2.7 gm cannot be exceeded, what
» At most, 25 of Polluters exceed what nitrogen oxide level value that is, find the
» The company producing the Polluter must reduce the nitrogen oxide level so that
» If a patient’s systolic readings during a given day have a normal distribution with
» If five measurements are taken at various times during the day, what is the probability
» How many measurements would be required so that the probability is at most 1 of
» The expected number of errors b. The probability of observing fewer than four errors
» The probability of observing more than two errors
» Compute the exact probabilities and corresponding normal approximations for y
» The normal approximation can be improved slightly by taking Py
» Compute the exact probabilities and corresponding normal approximations with the
» Let y be a binomial random variable with n
» Calculate P4 Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» Use a normal approximation without the continuity correction to calculate the
» Refer to Exercise 4.89. Use the continuity correction to compute the probability P4
» Does it appear that the 45 data values appear to be a random sample from a normal
» Compute the correlation coefficient and p-value to assess whether the data appear to
» Use the 45 sample means to determine whether the sampling distribution of the
» Compute the correlation coefficient and p-value to assess whether the 45 means
» Use a normal quantile plot to assess whether the data appear to fit a normal
» Compute the correlation coefficient and p-value for the normal quantile plot.
» Find the probability of selecting a 1-foot-square sample of material at random that on
» Describe the sampling distribution for based on random samples of 15 1-foot sections.
» What percentage of the males in this age bracket could be expected to have a serum
» Estimation of M Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» Choosing the Sample Size for Estimating M
» Choosing the Sample Size for Testing M
» The Level of Significance of a Statistical Test
» Inferences about M for a Normal Population,
» Inferences about M When Population Is Nonnormal
» Research Study: Percent Calories from Fat
» What characteristics of the nurses other than dietary intake might be important in
» Calculate a 95 confidence interval for the mean caffeine content m of the coffee pro-
» Explain to the CEO of the company in nonstatistical language, the interpretation of
» What would happen to the width of the confidence intervals if the level of confidence
» What would happen to the width of the confidence intervals if the number of samples
» If the level of confidence remains at 95 for the 720 confidence intervals in a given
» If the number of samples is increased from 50 to 100 each hour, how many of the
» If the number of samples remains at 50 each hour but the level of confidence is in-
» Construct a 99 confidence interval for the mean gross profit margin of m of all small
» The city manager reads the report and states that the confidence interval for m con-
» If the level of confidence remains at 99 but the tolerable width of the interval is .4,
» If the level of confidence decreases to 95 but the specified width of the interval
» If the level of confidence increases to 99.5 but the specified width of the interval
» If the level of confidence is increased to 99 with the average rent estimated to
» Suppose the budget for the project will not support both increasing the level of confi-
» Using a ⫽ .05, what conclusions can you make about the hypotheses based on the
» Refer to Exercise 5.18. Sketch the power curve for rejecting H : m ⱖ 28 by determining
» Suppose we keep a ⫽ .05 but change to n ⫽ 20. Without actually recalculating the
» How many of the 100 tests of hypotheses resulted in your reaching the decision to
» Suppose you were to conduct 100 tests of hypotheses and in each of these tests the
» What type of error are you making if you incorrectly reject H ?
» What proportion of the 100 tests of hypotheses resulted in the correct decision, that
» In part a, you were estimating the power of the test when m
» Based on your calculation in b how many of the 100 tests of hypotheses would you
» Did decreasing a from .05 to .01 increase or decrease the power of the test? Explain
» Refer to Exercise 5.23. Compute the power of the test PWRm
» Refer to Exercise 5.26. Suppose a random sample of 100 students is selected yielding
» Is there sufficient evidence a ⫽ .05 in the data that the mean lead concentration
» Based on your answer in c, is the sample size large enough for the test procedures to
» Place a 95 confidence interval on the mean reading time for all incoming freshmen
» Plot the reading time using a normal probability plot or boxplot. Do the data appear
» What are some weak points in this study relative to evaluating the potential of the
» Place a 99 confidence interval on the average number of miles driven, m, prior to
» Is there significant evidence a ⫽ .01 that the manufacturer’s claim is false? What is
» Is there a contradiction between the interval estimate of m and the conclusion
» Test the research hypothesis that the mean oxygen level is less than 5 ppm. What is
» Assuming the eighteen 2-week periods are fairly typical of the volumes throughout
» Construct a 90 confidence interval for the mean change in mileage. On the basis of
» Refer to Exercise 5.45. a. Calculate the probability of a Type II error for several values of m
» Suggest some changes in the way in which this study in Exercise 5.45 was conducted.
» Use a computer program to obtain 1,000 bootstrap samples from the 20 comprehen-
» Use a computer program to obtain 1,000 bootstrap samples from the 15 tire wear
» Use a computer program to obtain 1,000 bootstrap samples from the 8 oxygen levels.
» Use a computer program to obtain 1,000 bootstrap samples from the 18 recycle vol-
» Compare the p-value from part a to the p-value obtained in Exercise 5.44. x
» Use Table 4 in the Appendix to obtain L
» Use the large-sample approximation to determine L
» Graph the data using a boxplot or normal probability plot and determine whether the
» Based on your answer to part a, is the mean or the median cost per household a
» Place a 95 confidence interval on the amount spent on health care by the typical
» Does the typical worker spend more than 400 per year on health care needs? Use
» Is there sufficient evidence that a blood-alcohol level of .1 causes any increase in
» Which summary of reaction time differences seems more appropriate, the mean or
» Is there sufficient evidence that the median difference in reaction time is greater than
» What other factors about the drivers are important in attempting to decide whether
» For both fund A and fund B, estimate the mean and median annual rate of return and
» Which of the parameters, the mean or median, do you think best represents the
» Is there sufficient evidence that the mean annual rate of return for the two mutual
» Suppose the population has a distribution that is highly skewed to the right. The
» When testing hypotheses about the mean or median of a highly skewed population, the
» When testing hypotheses about the mean or median of a lightly skewed population,
» Construct a 95 confidence on the mean time to handle a complaint after imple-
» Is there sufficient evidence that the incentive plan has reduced the mean time to handle
» Is there sufficient evidence that the mean mercury concentration has increased since
» Assuming that the standard deviation of the mercury concentration is .32 mgm
» If the mean number of days to birth beyond the due date was 13 days prior to the in-
» What factors may be important in explaining why the doctors’ projected due dates
» Using a graphical display, determine whether the data appear to be a random sample
» Estimate the mean dissolution rate for the batch of tablets, for both a point estimate
» Is there significant evidence that the batch of pills has a mean dissolution rate less
» Calculate the probability of a Type II error if the true dissolution rate is 19.6 mg. Bus.
» Estimate the typical amount of ore produced by the mine using both a point estimate
» Is there significant evidence that on a typical day the mine produces more than
» Inferences about Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» A Nonparametric Alternative: Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» Inferences about M Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» Choosing Sample Sizes for Inferences about
» Research Study: Effects of Oil Spill on Plant Growth
» Describe a method for randomly selecting the tracts where flora density measurements
» State several hypotheses that may be of interest to the researchers. H
» H : m Lyman Ott Michael Longnecker
» Refer to the data of Exercise 6.3. a. Give the level of significance for your test.
» Place a 95 confidence interval on m
» Do the data provide sufficient evidence that rats exposed to a 5°C environment have a
» Do the data provide sufficient evidence that successful companies have a lower percent-
» How large is the difference between the percentage of returns for successful and unsuc-
» Identify the value of the pooled-variance t statistic the usual t test based on the equal
» Is there significant evidence that there is a difference in the distribution of SB2M for
» Discuss the implications of your findings in part c on the evaluation of the influence
» What has a greater effect, if any, on the level of significance of the t test, skewness or
» What has a greater effect, if any, on the level of significance of the Wilcoxon rank sum
» What has a greater effect, if any, on the power of the Wilcoxon rank sum test, skewness
» For what type of population distributions would you recommend using the Wilcoxon H H H
» Consider the data given here. Pair
» Conduct a paired t test of H
» Using a testing procedure related to the binomial distribution, test the
» Give the level of significance for your test. b. Place a 95 confidence interval on m
» Plot the pairs of observations in a scatterplot with the 1982 values on the horizontal
» Compute the correlation coefficient between the pair of observations.
» Answer the questions posed in Exercise 6.11 parts a and b using a paired data
» Consider the data given in Exercise 6.23. a. Conduct a Wilcoxon signed-rank test of H
» Compare your conclusions here to those given in Exercise 6.23. Does it matter which
» Refer to the data of Exercise 6.31. a. Give the level of significance for your test.
» Place a 95 confidence interval on the median difference, M.
» Use the level and power values for the paired t test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test given in
» Which type of deviations from a normal distribution, skewness or heavy-tailedness,
» For small sample sizes, n ⱕ 20, does the actual level of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test
» Suppose a boxplot of the differences in the pairs from a paired data set has many out-
» Suppose the sample sizes are the same for both groups. What sample size is needed
» Suppose the user group will have twice as many patients as the placebo group. What
» How many chemical plant cooling towers need to be measured if we want a probabil-
» What assumptions did you make in part a in order to compute the sample size? Env.
» Is there sufficient evidence to support the conjecture that ozone exposure increases
» Estimate the size of the increase in lung capacity after exposure to ozone using a 95
» After completion of the study, the researcher claimed that ozone causes increased
» Estimate the size of the difference in mean noise level between the two types of jets
» How would you select the jets for inclusion in this study? Ag.
» An entomologist is investigating which of two fumigants, F
» Estimate the size of the difference in the mean number of parasites between the two
» After combining the data from the two depths, does there appear to be a difference in
» Estimate the size of the difference in the mean population abundance at the two
» Refer to Exercise 6.46. Answer the following questions using the combined data for both depths.
» Use the Wilcoxon rank sum test to assess whether there is a difference in population
» Discuss any differences in the conclusions obtained using the t-procedures and the
» Plot the four data sets using side-by-side boxplots to demonstrate the effect of depth
» Separately for each depth, evaluate differences between the sites within and outside
» Discuss the veracity of the following statement: “The oil spill did not adversely affect the
» A possible criticism of the study is that the six sites outside the oil trajectory were not
» What are some possible problems with using the before and after oil spill data in
» Compare the mean drop in blood pressure for the high-dose group and the control
» Estimate the size of the difference in the mean drop for the high-dose and control
» Do the conditions required for the statistical techniques used in a and b appear to
» Estimate the size of the difference in the mean drop for the low-dose and control
» Estimate the size of the difference in the mean drop for the low-dose and high-dose
» If we tested each of the three sets of hypotheses at the .05 level, estimate the experiment-
» Suggest a procedure by which we could be ensured that the experiment-wide Type I
» Can the licensing board conclude that the mean score of nurses who receive a BS in
» The mean test scores are considered to have a meaningful difference only if they differ
» State the null and alternative hypotheses in
» Estimate the size of the difference in campaign expenditures for female and male
» What is the level of significance of the test for a change in mean pH after reclamation
» The land office assessed a fine on the mining company because the t test indicated a
» A Type I error? b. A Type II error?
» Both a Type I and a Type II error? d. Neither a Type I nor a Type II error?
» Refer to Exercise 6.60. Suppose we wish to test the research hypothesis that m
» Do the data support the conjecture that progabide reduces the mean number of
» Determine the sample size so that we are 95 confident that the estimate of the
» Estimation and Tests for a Population Variance
» Estimation and Tests for Comparing
» For the E. coli research study, answer the following. a. What are the populations of interest?
» What are some factors other than the type of detection method HEC versus HGMF
» Describe a method for randomly assigning the E. coli samples to the two devices for
» State several hypotheses that may be of interest to the researchers.
» Find Py ⬎ 52.62. d. Find Py ⬍ 10.52.
» Find Py ⬎ 34.38. e. Find P10.52 ⬍ y ⬍ 34.38.
» For a chi-square distribution with df ⫽ 80, compare the actual values given in Table 7
» Suppose that y has a chi-square distribution with df ⫽ 277. Find approximate values
» If the process yields jars having a normal distribution with a mean of 32.30 ounces and
» Does the plot suggest any violation of the conditions necessary to use the chi-square
» Place bounds on the p-value of the test. Engin.
» Does the boxplot suggest any violation of the conditions necessary to use the chi-square
» Estimate the standard deviation in the speeds of the vehicles on the interstate using a
» Do the data indicate at the 5 level that the standard deviation in vehicle speeds
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