Introduction Part 1. Focus on Key Orientations in ELT
1.1. The Communicative Approach to Language Teaching
1. David Wilkins, ‘Current Developments in the Teaching of English as a
Foreign Language’, in S. Holden ed., Teaching English for Specific Purposes Modern English Publication, 1979, pp. 5–7.
2. Keith Morrow, ‘Communicative Language Testing: Revolution or
Evolution’, in C. Brumfit and K. Johnson eds., The Communicative Approach to Language Teaching Oxford University Press, 1979, pp.
143–57.
3. Michael Canale, ‘From Communicative Competence to
Communicative Language Pedagogy’, in J. C. Richards and W. Schmidt eds., Language and Communication Longman, 1983, pp. 2–27.
4. James Nattinger, ‘Communicative Language Teaching: A New
Metaphor’, TESOL Quarterly, 1984, 18, 3, 391–407. 5.
Li Xiaoju, ‘In Defence of the Communicative Approach’, ELT Journal, 1984, 38, 1, 2–13.
6. Jack C. Richards and Theodore S. Rodgers, ‘Communicative Language
Teaching’, Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching: A Description and Analysis Cambridge University Press, 1986, pp. 64–86.
7. Fraida Dubin and Elite Olshtain, ‘A Curriculum Developed on
Communicative Goals’, Course Design: Developing Programs and Materials for Language Learning Cambridge University Press, 1986,
pp. 68–87.
8. B. Kumaravadivelu, ‘Maximising Learning Potential in the
Communicative Classroom’, ELT Journal, 1994, 47, 1, 12–21.
1.2. Task-Based Language Teaching
9. Christopher Brumfit, ‘The Bangalore Procedural Syllabus’, ELT Journal,
1984, 38, 4, 233–41. 10. Michael P. Breen, ‘Learner Contributions to Task Design’, in C.
Candlin and D. Murphy eds., Language Learning Tasks Prentice-Hall International, 1987, pp. 23–46.
11. Michael H. Long and Graham Crookes, ‘Three Approaches to Task- Based Syllabus Design’, TESOL Quarterly, 1992, 26, 1, 27–55.
12. Jane Willis, ‘A Flexible Framework for Task-Based Learning’, in J. Willis and D. Willis eds., Challenge and Change in Language Teaching
Heinemann, 1996, pp. 52–62. 13. Peter Skehan, ‘A Framework for the Implementation of Task-Based
Instruction’, Applied Linguistics, 1996, 17, 1, 38–62. 14. Martin Bygate, ‘Tasks as a Context for the Framing, Reframing and
Unframing of Language’, System, 1999, 27, 1, 33–48. 15. Rod Ellis, ‘Task-Based Research and Language Pedagogy’, Language
Teaching Research, 2000, 4, 3, 193–220. 16. Tony Lynch, ‘Seeing What they Meant: Transcribing as a Route to
Noticing’, ELT Journal, 2001, 55, 2, 124–32. 17. Rod Ellis, ‘Tasks in SLA and Language Pedagogy’, Task-Based Language
Learning and Teaching Oxford University Press, 2003, pp. 1–21. 18. Michael Swan, ‘Legislation by Hypothesis: The Case of Task-Based
Instruction’, Applied Linguistics, 2005, 26, 3, 376–401.
1.3. Form-Focused Instruction
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