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D. Games
Games are one of the media that can be used in English teaching. Based on the
Longman Dictionary Contemporary English 2003: 663,
Games are the system to use rules or laws to get what you want in an unfair but legal way, a game is an
activity with rules, challenge and interactivity. According to Brumfit,
“Games are activities that children naturally and universally are engaged in” 1995:143. Naturally, children love to spend their
times to play along. They get their own pleasure when playing a game. Furthermore, Brumfit and Ray Tongue stated that there are some
characteristics of games: games are activities governed by rules, which set up clearly defined goals, games involve a contest either between players or between
the players and the goal, and games should led to have fun
Brumfit and Ray Tongue, 1995:142-143
. Games are a competition between player, guiding by a rules to achieves a goal. It has to be fun to do.
From the explanations above, it can be concluded that games are activities with rules which played between the players. And the players have to compete in
or order to achieve the goals. Also, games must be fun.
E. Types of Games
Hadfield states that there are some varieties of games techniques. Here are the varieties of games techniques according to Hadfield;
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a.
Information gap. In these activities, students A has access to some
information which is not held by students B. students B must acquire the information to complete the task successfully.
b.
Guessing games are a familiar variant on this principle. The player
with the information deliberately with holds it, while others guess what it might be.
c.
Search games are another variant involving the whole class. In
these games everyone in the class has one piece of information. The player must obtain all or large amount of the information
available to fill in a questionnaire or to solve a problem. d.
Matching games are based on a different principle. However, also
involved a transfer of information. These games involve matching corresponding pairs of cards on pictures, and may be played as a
whole class activity. e.
Matching up games are based on jigsaw or “fitting together”
principle. Each player in a group has a list of opinions, preferences, wants or possibilities. Through discussion and compromise the
group must reach an agreement. f.
Exchanging games are based on the “barter” principle. Players
have certain articles, cards or ideas which they wish to exchange for others. The aim of the games is to make an exchange which is
satisfactory to both sides.
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g.
Exchanging and collecting games are an extension of this;
players have certain articles or cards which they are willing to exchange for others in order to complete a set.
h.
Combining activities are those in which the players must act on
certain information in order to arrange themselves in groups such as families or people spending holidays together.
i.
Arranging games are games where the players must acquire
information and act on it in order to arrange items in a specific order.
j.
Board games and card games are familiar game types, where the
aim is to be the first round a board or to collect the most cards or to get rid of the cards first.
k.
Puzzle-solving activities occur when participants in the game
share or pool information in order to solve a puzzle or a mystery.
Hadfield, 1998;4-5
From the types of games above, the writer only took three kinds of games which is used to teach the fourth grade students at SD N Gawanan I Colomadu.
The games are matching up games, search games and puzzle-solving activities.
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CHAPTER III DISCUSSION
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