commit to user 10
B. Ethnography of Communication
1. The Definition of Ethnography of Speaking
In defining ethnography of speaking, some linguists give the definition as follows:
Hymes in Fasold 1996: 32 defines that ethnography of speaking discusses about the possible factors influencing the use of language varieties in speaking.
Generally, someone will be considering factors, for instance, to whom, the purpose that aimed at, when and where the conversation takes place, when he she wants to
speak to another. Furthermore, Fasold 1996: 39 defines ethnography of speaking as one of the
approaches in sociolinguistics studies the use of language. The use of language is closely related to the social and cultural values. He adds that the speech community
and the units of interaction, which consist of speech situations, acts and events become fundamental factors in constructing the ethnography of speaking. ibid: 40
From many definitions above, it can be concluded that the definition of ethnography of speaking is the study of language investigating the factors that
influence the use of language varieties including norms and rules used in certain social community. In discussing the ethnography of speaking, it cannot be separated from
speech community, situations, event and acts ibid: 40 that will be discussed as follows.
commit to user 11
2. Speech Community
Hymes 1972: 54 defines a speech community as a group which is sharing rules in order to conduct and interpreting the speech. Rules play on interpreting of at
least on the language variety. Meanwhile according to Trudgill 1992: 69 a speech community is a community of speakers who shares the same verbal repertoire and also
shares the same norms for linguistics behavior. From those definitions above, it can be concluded that a speech community
consists of the group of people who share a set of norms and expectations regarding the use of language. The suitable examples of speech communities are the members of
professions use kind of jargon, distinct social groups like punkers, hip hop fans or even in the united group like families and friends.
In addition, online and other mediated communities, such as many internet forums or social network, also categorized as speech communities. Members of speech
communities will often develop slang or jargon to serve the group’s special purposes
and priorities. This research tries to conduct analysis focusing on a certain group of people or
speech community namely American families. This research will investigate the use of slang in that speech community. Generally, people think that speech community like
teenagers use slang often. However, I find adults and children characters use slang
commit to user 12
dominantly in conducting this research. Therefore, this research is interesting to be done.
3. Speech Situations, Acts and Events
Kategori