3. Developing the Outline of the Designed-Materials
Constructing the outline of the materials, the writer then developed it. The writer developed the rough draft of the materials based on the results of the
needs analysis and the curriculum demand.
4. Conducting Preliminary Test
Accomplishing the outline of the materials, the writer carried out a preliminary test which involved distributing the questionnaire for the design
evaluation. The writer investigated the participants’ opinions and beliefs about the designed-materials to find out whether the materials are appropriate for the
students. The writer then analyzed the data. 5.
Carrying Out Main Product Revision Based on the data of the preliminary test, the writer found out some parts
that needed some improvement. Thus, the writer revised the designed materials.
B. Research Participants
The participants of this study were divided into two groups, both of which were needed in the needs survey and evaluation. The participants can be explained
as follows:
1. Participants for the Needs Survey
a. The Eleventh Grade English Teacher of SMA Negeri 11 Yogyakarta
The writer interviewed the teacher of the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 11 Yogyakarta considering that the teacher knows her students’
characteristics and the condition of the teaching learning process.
b. The Eleventh Grade Students of SMA Negeri 11 Yogyakarta
The eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 11 Yogyakarta were the main subjects of this study as the designed materials were dedicated to them. Therefore,
it was necessary to know their opinions about their needs and interests in learning English using stories based on integrated language-learning approach. There were
five classes in the eleventh grade of SMA Negeri 11 Yogyakarta, but the writer only chose one class randomly, class 11 IPA 3. Therefore, the writer applied
cluster sampling. According to Ary, Jacobs, and Razavieh 2002: 168, a cluster sampling is applied when the participant is a group of individual chosen randomly
instead of an individual.
2. Participants for the Design Evaluation
a. An English Teacher of SMA Negeri 11 Yogyakarta
The English teacher directly deals with the students in the teaching- learning process as the mediator and the facilitator of the teaching-learning
process. For this reason, they were expected to identify whether the designed materials were appropriate for the students.
b. The Lecturers of the English Language Education of Sanata Dharma
University There were two lecturers who were asked to give their feedback about the
designed materials. The lecturers were specifically chosen based on the education, knowledge, and experience background. The writer chose one lecturer who had
enough background knowledge and experience about designing materials and one lecturer who had enough background knowledge and experience about language-
learning technique. The selection of the lecturers considered that the writer dealt with both designing materials and applying particular technique and approach.
Furthermore, those lecturers have been teaching English for more than twenty years. Therefore, they were expected to give beneficial input in evaluating the
designed materials.
C. Research Instruments
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