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with other people. In addition, whenever that person states his or her opinions towards others, the readers will have a clue to her his character p. 164.
d. Past Life
The author may give a clue related to one character in the story to the readers through that character’s past life. By using the past life the author can
present a clue to events that help to shape characteristics. The author can also lead the readers to an event when the readers can see the real character of the person
described in the novel. It may be in the form of a direct comment, that person’s
thoughts, his or her conversation with others, or by something extraordinary that he or she has done p. 166.
e. Conversation of Others
The author can provide an explanation about a character through the conversation of other characters and what they say about him or her. Through this
way, the readers will have a clue what others say about the character that may reveal what kind of character he or she is pp. 167-168. By analysing what the
other characters say about Eleanor and Park, the readers will have a better understanding of their real character.
f. Reactions
The author can describe the characteristics by displaying the way a character responses or reacts to various situations and events in a story. By
knowing the reaction that a person shows in the novel, the readers may have a clue to what characteristics a character owns pp. 168-170. It is because people
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will normally react differently in various situations. Therefore, the researcher is able to know the characteristics of Eleanor and Park through their reactions.
g. Direct Comment
The author may give the readers a way to imagine the characteristics of the character when he or she gives comments and descriptions on it directly. The
author may also give the comment explicitly as well as the author’s opinion
related to the characters in the story. The readers will often have to guess and recognise the meaning of the author’s comment. The purpose is by recognising it,
the readers will know what the author precisely wants to reveal about a particular character he writes in his novel pp. 170-171.
h. Thoughts
The author can give the readers direct knowledge of what a certain character and another character are thinking about. The author can also write
something that helps the reader to see the way the character described thinks and what that character feels pp. 171-172. The purpose of knowing what the
character feels or thinks is to reveal the characteristic of that character described.
i. Mannerism
A person’s mannerism or habit can also be characterised by the author to tell the readers something about the character’s characteristics both in negative
and positive ones p. 173. Through the whole story, the author can explicitly or implicitly tell the readers about a character’s characteristic. The manner that a
