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4 Round Robin
Students are placed in the heterogeneous teams of four. Each student has the opportunity to speak without being interrupted. The discussion moves
clockwise around the team; everyone must contribute to the topic. The team may use an item to pass around as a visual aid to determine who has the floor. Round
table is another version. The difference is that a piece of paper is passed around and each member writes instead of speaks about the topic Johnson et al., 1994.
5 Mind Mapping
Mind Mapping is the process depicting a central concept with symbols, images, colors, keywords, and branches. This is a fast and fun way to take visual
notes, foster creativity, stretch students’ visual thinking skills, make learning contextual and meaningful, and promote active involvement with the learning
content. Pairs of students may create their own mind map or they may simultaneously add to the team andor class mind map Johnson et al., 1994.
b. The Nature of Cooperative Learning
Nation 1989 states that like all learning activities, group work is more likely to go well if it is properly planned. Planning requires an underdstanding of
the principle that lies behind successful groupwork. Meanwhile, Johnson et al. 1994 mention several factors in order to make the minority students do not fall
behind the higher-achieving students.
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1 Raise the achievement of all students, including those who are gifted or
academically handicapped. 2
Help the teacher build positive relationship among students. 3
Give students the experiences they need for healthy social, psychological and cognitive development.
4 Replace the cognitive organizational structure of most classroom and
schools with a team-based, high-performance organizational structure. Johnson et al. 1994 mention three types of cooperative learning. The
types are as followed: 1
Formal cooperative learning groups These groups last from one class period to several weeks. These are used
for a specific task and involve students working together to achieve shared learning goals Johnson et al., 1994.
2 Informal coperative learning groups
These groups last from a few minutes to a class period and are used to focus student attention or to facilitate learning activities Johnson et al., 1994.
3 Cooperative base groups
Groups are long term group. They last for at least a year and consist of heterogeneous learning groups with stable membership. The primary purpose is to
allow the students to give each other support, help, assistant and encouragement to succeed academically Johnson et al., 1994.
Gaies 1985 states that all interaction requires a minimum of two participants; the amount of participation differs greatly for the teachers and
