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Applying the variable of pronominality of theme in the model will only be able to explain the choice of benefactive construction as Nagelkerke R square suggests of
0.064. The very small number of Nagelkerke R square tell us that when appears alone, pronominality of theme is barely able to explain the choice of benefactive
construction. The model fit accuracy, -2 log likehood, and Nagelkerke R square are presented in Appendix 3. The coefficient and the odds ratio of the feature
pronominality of theme is stable at around -2 and 0.1 to -2.088 and 0.124 from the ones when it was applied with the other thirteen features.
Variables in the Equation of Theme Pronominality
B S.E.
Wald df
Sig. ExpB 95 C.I.for
EXPB Lower Upper
Step 1
a
themepronominality -2.088
.612 11.626 1
.001 .124
.037 .412
Constant 4.486
1.211 13.727 1
.000 88.733 a. Variables entered on step 1: themepronominality.
Table 4.9 Variable pronominality of theme removed from the full model
4.1.4 Definiteness of Theme
The next significant feature
definiteness of theme
was coded to categorical variable in the logistic model theme=definite is 1, and theme=indefinite is 2
See Appendices 1 and 2 for the detailed identification and annotating process of the benefactive data. The default of the feature is indefinite, whereas the default
of the benefactive construction is benefactive PP. The p value of the feature definiteness of theme reaches the number 0.04 See Table 4.3 and Appendix 3
which is less than the conventional significance level 0.05. Thus, the feature
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definiteness of theme is proven to be relevant to the choice of benefactive construction.
The crosstabulation table of definiteness of theme toward ditransitivity shows that 87.7 of definite theme take benefactive PP construction, only the rest
12.5 of definite theme take double object construction. On the other hand, the effect of indefinite theme seems to be a little bit weaker toward benefactive
construction. The result shows that 56.3 of indefinite themes take double object construction construction, and the rest 43.7 take benefactive PP. The statistic of
definiteness of theme suggests that as possible definite argument appears in before indefinite one.
Definiteness of Theme toward Ditransitivity Crosstabulation
Ditransitivity Total
benefactive construction
prepositional construction
Definiteness of Theme
definite theme
Count 19
136 155
within Definiteness of Theme 12.3
87.7 100.0 within Ditransitivity
12.1 56.0
38.8 of Total
4.8 34.0
38.8 indefinite
theme Count
138 107
245 within Definiteness of Theme
56.3 43.7 100.0
within Ditransitivity 87.9
44.0 61.3
of Total 34.5
26.8 61.3
Total Count
157 243
400 within Definiteness of Theme
39.3 60.8 100.0
within Ditransitivity 100.0
100.0 100.0 of Total
39.3 60.8 100.0
Table 4.10 Crosstabulation of definiteness of theme toward ditransitivity
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The result in the table of variables in the equation shows that the feature pronominality of theme possesses negative coefficient B of -1.340. It means that
the non-default definite theme favors the default benefactive PP construction. The size of the effect of the feature is explainable through the odds ratio expB of
0.262. It suggests that definite theme is 0.262 times to take non-default double object construction or around 4 times likely to take benefactive PP construction.
Given 100 occurrences of definite theme, 26 will likely take double object construction, while 74 instances favor benefactive PP construction. The 95
confidence interval CI supports the claim, showing that definite theme tends to choose double object construction between 0.105 to 0.656 times. It means that
definite theme tends to take benefactive PP construction between almost 2 times and more than 9 times. Equally, if the theme is indefinite, the sentence tendency to
appear in the double object construction is bigger than if the theme is definite. The coefficient B, odds ratio expB, and 95 CI above are presented in Table 4.3
See also Appendix 3. The examples below illustrate the probability of the occurrence of instances possessing indefinite and definite theme.
13
a. fixed the dinner definite theme for her family
