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Variables in the Equation of Beneficiary Animacy
B S.E.
Wald df
Sig. ExpB
95 C.I.for EXPB
Lower Upper
Step 1
a
beneficiaryanimacy 3.976
.724 30.192
1 .000
53.281 12.903 220.011
Constant -4.049
.751 29.087
1 .000
.017 a. Variables entered on step 1: beneficiaryanimacy.
Table 4.7 Variable animacy of beneficiary removed from full model
4.1.3 Pronominality of Theme
The next significant feature
pronominality of theme
was coded to categorical variable in the logistic model theme=pronoun is 1, and theme=non-
pronoun is 2 See Appendices 1 and 2 for the detailed identification and annotating process of the benefactive data. The default of the feature is non-
pronoun, whereas the default of the benefactive construction is benefactive PP. The p value of the feature pronominality of theme reaches the number 0.010 See
Table 4.3 and Appendix 3 which is less than the conventional significance level 0.05. Thus, the feature pronominality of theme is proven to be relevant to the
choice of benefactive construction. The crosstabulation table of pronominality of theme toward ditransitivity
shows that 91.7 of pronoun theme take benefactive PP construction, only the rest 8.3 of pronoun theme take double object construction. However,
benefactive construction is not sensitive toward non-pronoun theme. The result shows that 57.7 of non-pronoun themes take benefactive PP construction, and
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the rest 42.3 take double object construction. The statistic of pronoun theme strongly suggests that as possible pronoun appears in postverbal position.
Pronominality of Theme toward Ditransitivity Crosstabulation
Ditransitivity Total
benefactive construction
prepositional construction
Pronominality of Theme
pronoun theme
Count 3
33 36
within Pronominality of Theme 8.3
91.7 100.0 within Ditransitivity
1.9 13.6
9.0 of Total
.8 8.3
9.0 non-
pronoun theme
Count 154
210 364
within Pronominality of Theme 42.3
57.7 100.0 within Ditransitivity
98.1 86.4
91.0 of Total
38.5 52.5
91.0 Total
Count 157
243 400
within Pronominality of Theme 39.3
60.8 100.0 within Ditransitivity
100.0 100.0 100.0
of Total 39.3
60.8 100.0
Table 4.8
Crosstabulation of pronominality of theme toward ditransitivity
The table of variables in the equation shows that the feature pronominality of theme possesses negative coefficient B of -2.183. It means that the non-
default pronoun theme favors the default benefactive PP construction. The size of the effect of the feature is explainable through the odds ratio expB of 0.113. It
suggests that pronoun theme is 0.113 times to take non-default double object construction or around 9 times likely to take benefactive PP construction. Given
100 occurrences of pronoun theme, 11 will likely take double object construction, while 89 instances favor benefactive PP construction. The 95 confidence
interval CI supports the claim, showing that pronoun theme tends to choose
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double object construction between 0.022 to 0.588 times. It means that pronoun theme tends to take benefactive PP construction between almost 2 times and more
than 45 times. In line with this fact, if the theme is non-pronoun, the sentence tendency to appear in the double object construction is bigger than if the theme is
pronoun. The coefficient B, odds ratio expB, and 95 CI above are presented in Table 4.3 See also Appendix 3. The examples below illustrate the
probability of the occurrence of instances possessing non-pronoun and pronoun theme.
9
a. play them pronoun theme for us
