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G. Method of Research
1. Type of Research
The type of research is library research in the form of descriptive qualitative one. A library research is a study where the data are taken from
bibliographical resources. While the descriptive qualitative is a way used in a research where the researcher gives a description about something, in this case,
about the research object Kartono, 1976, p.43. 2.
Data and Source of Data Data is a group of information that will be analyzed in order to answer the
question that has been stated in the problem statement. The data, which are considered relevant to the topic of the thesis, are:
a. Main Data The main data of this research is the novel entitled “The Lord of the Flies”
written by Sir William Golding, including all intrinsic elements in it which is related to the subject matter.
b. Supporting Data
The supporting data of this research are taken from many historical books, theoretical literatures, internet, etc. which are considered relevant with the subject
matter. 3.
Technique of Collecting Data The collecting data is started by reading and observing the novel as the
main data carefully and repeatedly to get in depth understanding toward the
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subject matter. The next step after getting the comprehension of the subject matter is to make a note of important points, which related to the problem that will be
analyzed in this research. The supporting data are collected by selecting and making note of essential points relevant to the problem of the research. All the
data are gathered in line to classification and relevance toward the problem of the thesis.
H. Thesis Organization
The structure of this thesis is designed as follows: Chapter I
: Introduction Consists of:
A. Background B.
Scope of Study C.
Problem Statement D.
Objective of the Study E.
Benefit of the Study F.
Theoretical approach G.
Method of Research H.
Thesis organization
Chapter II : Literary Review
Consists of: A.
The Relation between Literature and Psychology
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B. General Psychology
C. Freudian Psychoanalysis Theory
D. British lifestyle and education during Post War II Era
Chapter III : The Analysis
Consists of: A.
The early characterization of the three major characters; id, ego, superego.
B. The dominance and interaction of the early characterization and
the way it resemble Freud theory C.
The analysis of the Major Characters Personality and its development along the novel’s progress, signified by the major
events happen, in Relation with Freudian Psychoanalysis Theory.
D. The Formulation of the analytical results of the characters
personality and its development along the nove l’s progress in
Relation with Freudian Psychoanalysis Theory E.
The Formulation of William Golding’s Idea toward children near adolescence latent phase and its development in
wilderness as reflected on his novel; The Lord of the Flies, in relation with Freudian Psychoanalysis Theory.
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Chapter IV : Conclusion and Suggestion
Consists of: A.
Conclusion B.
Suggestion
Bibliography
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CHAPTER II LITERARY REVIEW
A. The Relation Between Literature and Psychology
The underlying aspect which links psychology and literature is that both focus on human behaviour. While literature works more on expressing thought,
ideas, and experiences of people, psychology focuses on understanding it. Yet, from this simple point, both artist and psychologist share similarity within the
mission they carry. And for many years, this overlapping convergent has been employed in the use of literature to test psychological theories and to understand
human behaviour in historical times, in the psychological analysis of literature, and in psychological studies of authors and readers.
“The artist [says Freud] is originally a man who turns from reality because he cannot come to terms with the demand for the renunciation of instinctual
satisfaction as it is first made, and who then in phantasy-life allows full play to his erotic and ambitious wishes. But he finds a way of return from this world of
phantasy bact to reality; with his special gift, he moulds his phantasies into a new kind of reality, and men concede them a justification as valuable reflection of
actual life. Thus by a certain path he actually becomes the hero, king, creator, favourite he desired to be, without the circuitous path of creating real alteration in
the actual world.” Wellek, Warren, Theory of Literature pg. 82 According to Freud, the artist and the work are a two way tunnel through
which both can be accessed or traced back with a certain mean which in this case; psychology. Literary work represents
product of the artist’s thought and desire or a form of escapism which he could not have gotten it in the real world. Thus, what
matters in the academic field is not a phantasm, but the causality of the occurring phenomenon and its logical explanation. And psychology, in relation to the topic,
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provides the channel which can possibly relate the causality and explain the process between the causes; artist’s desire and point of view, and the result; the
work produced for the fulfilment of the cause. There are thousands of literary works as well of thousands dominant
aspects that those works carry. Each work is basing n different background and different purpose. Some carry social phenomenon, some carry moral values, some
carry environmental issue, some carry psychological, and so on. And the focus of each work can only be linked with a certain mean known as approaches. Among
the scientific approaches, psychological approach is one of the most common methodologies used in literary research. This is proven by the number of theorists
who include psychology into their inclusion of literary approach such as: Renee Wellek and Austen Warren in Theory of Literature, Wilbur S. Scott in his Five
Approaches of Literary Criticism, Kutha Ratna in his Teori, Metode, dan Penelitian Sastra, Guerin, Labor, Willingham, and Morgan in their A Handbook
of Critical Approaches to Literature, and many others. By ’psychology of literature’, we may mean the psychological
study of the writer, as type and as individual, or the study of the creative process, or the study of the psychological types and laws present within
works of literature, or, finally, the effects of literature upon its reader audience psychology. Wellek, Warren, Theory of literature page 81
According to Wellek and Warren, there are four kinds of psychological theory employment within literary research; the study of the writer, the study of
the creative process, the application of psychological theory within literary works, and the study of the audience. And related to this research, both Freudian
personality structure and dynamic personality development share similarity with
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the phenomena presented within the characterization in Golding’s novel The Lord of the Flies, therefore this research can be included in the third category of the
literary theory employment within literary research, the application of psychological theory within literary work. And as explained within this definition;
Psychology, the scientific study of behavior and the mind, Microsoft ® Encarta ® Reference Library 2005, the research will focus on the feature of behaviour
and mind which usually represented within the characterization of the characters.
B. General Psychology
Kategori