teaching and learning process within two cycles. Moreover, the information gained in the class was the factual description of condition and situation in the
class.
H. Data Analysis Procedures
In analyzing the data, all of the data that were collected by using observation noteschecklist, questionnaire, test, and journal were analyzed. In
analyzing them, the writer used the following steps:
1. Classifying the data
The data from observation are gathered, evaluated, and then classified based on the topic of the research problems.
2. Describing the data
After the data were classified, the writer described the data as follows: a. The data from observation was described by using descriptive form.
b. The data from questionnaire was described by using table. c. The data from the test was described by table and calculation.
3. Finding
In answering the first problem statement the writer used the qualitative method. The qualitative method is a method used to analyze the data through
word using descriptive analysis. This qualitative method is gathered by using the observation. It means, after having observation in the classroom the writer
analyzes the data by making description from the result. In answering the second problem statement the writer used quantitative method. The data got from the
questionnaire and tests were analyzed using a certain formula. To get the mean of students’ descriptive writing score within one cycle,
the formula used is:
7
Mx =
7
Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada, 1997, p. 77.
Explanation: M : Mean
X : Individual score N : Number of students
Next, to know the students who passed KKM 70.0, the writer used this formula:
8
P =
100 Explanation:
P : The class percentage F : Total percentage score
N : Number of students Next step, the writer identified the improvement of students’ descriptive
writing from pre-test up to post-test 1 in cycle I and post-test 2 in cycle II. The formula used by the writer is:
9
Explanation: P
: Percentage of students’ writing improvement y : Pre-test result
y1 : Post-test result 1
Explanation: P : Percentage of students’ writing improvement
y : Pre-test result y2 : Post-test result 2
8
Ibid.,
9
David E. Meltzer, The Relationship between Mathematics Preparation and Conceptual Learning Gains in Physics: A Possible Hidden Variable in Diagnostic Pretest Scores, Iowa:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, 2008, p. 68.
